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Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I. Lý thuyết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous)
Ở phần lý thuyết, bạn cần nắm vững các định nghĩa, công thức, cách dùng cùng một số dấu hiệu nhận biết cơ bản của thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Điều này sẽ giúp bạn ứng dụng tốt để làm bài tập.
1. Định nghĩa thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn là gì?
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous) được sử dụng để diễn tả một sự việc/ hành động đã và đang xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng nó kết thúc trước một sự việc/ hành động khác. Tất cả các hành động đều kết thúc trong quá khứ.
2. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc chung của thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous):
|
S |
+ |
have |
+ |
be |
+ |
động từ chính |
|
|
|
dùng thì quá khứ đơn |
|
quá khứ phân từ |
|
|
|
had |
been |
hiện tại phân từ |
Trong đó:
Động từ phụ trợ đầu tiên (have) được liên hợp trong thì quá khứ đơn, với từ “had” không thay đổi.
Động từ phụ trợ thứ hai (be) được sử dụng cố định ở dạng quá khứ phân từ “been”.
Động từ chính được dùng cố định ở dạng hiện tại phân từ “V_ing”.
Đối với câu phủ định, ta thêm “not” vào sau động từ phụ trợ đầu tiên.
Đối với câu nghi vấn, ta thay đổi chủ ngữ và trợ động từ đầu tiên.
Công thức chi tiết cho 4 loại câu:
|
Loại câu |
Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định |
S + had + been + V-ing +… |
My sister had been crying for 15 minutes before my mother came home. |
|
Phủ định |
S + had + not + been + V-ing |
He had not been working in the office when the phone rang. |
|
Nghi vấn |
Had + S + been + V-ing +… ? |
Had you been doing homework before returning home? |
|
Wh - question |
Wh - question + had + S + been + V-ing? |
|
3. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để làm gì?
Những cách dùng của Past Perfect Continuous:
1. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác trong quá khứ, mang mục đích nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn.
Ví dụ: Mary had been talking about that before you mentioned it. (Mary đã nói về điều đó trước khi bạn đề cập đến nó).
2. Diễn đạt một hành động là nguyên nhân của điều gì đó xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: Tom failed the final test because he hadn’t been attending class. (Tom đã trượt bài kiểm tra cuối kỳ vì anh ấy đã không đi học).
3. Nói về một hành động diễn ra kéo dài liên tục trước một sự việc khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: The couple had been quarreling for 2 hour before their son came back home. (Hai vợ chồng đã cãi nhau 2 tiếng trước khi con trai về nhà).
4. Diễn đạt sự việc xảy ra để chuẩn bị cho một sự việc khác.
Ví dụ: My daughter had been practicing for 6 months and was ready for the examination. (Con gái tôi đã tập luyện được 6 tháng và đã sẵn sàng cho kỳ thi).
5. Nói về hành động nào đó diễn ra kéo dài liên tục trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: My father had been walking for 2 hours before 5 pm yesterday. (Cha tôi đã đi bộ trong 2 tiếng trước 5 giờ chiều ngày hôm qua).
6. Nhấn mạnh một hành động đã để lại kết quả trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: Yesterday morning, she was exhausted because she had been studying for the exam all night. (Sáng hôm qua, cô ấy đã kiệt sức vì ôn thi cả đêm).
7. Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn đạt một điều không có thực trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: I would have been more confident if I had been preparing better. (Tôi sẽ tự tin hơn nếu tôi chuẩn bị tốt hơn).
4. Dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bạn có thể nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn thông qua một số dấu hiệu bao gồm:
1. Until then (cho đến lúc đó).
Ví dụ: Until then, I had been working. (Cho đến lúc đó, tôi vẫn đang làm việc).
2. By the time (trước lúc, vào thời điểm).
Ví dụ: By the time my mom came home, I had been doing homework. (Vào thời điểm mẹ tôi về nhà, tôi đang làm bài tập).
3. By + mốc thời gian cụ thể (từ trước cho đến lúc...).
Ví dụ: By 4pm, she had been watching TV for 5 hours. (Đến 4 giờ chiều, cô ấy đã xem TV được 5 tiếng).
4. Prior to that time (thời điểm trước đó).
Ví dụ: Prior to that time, the government had always been controlling the problem. (Trước thời điểm đó, chính phủ luôn kiểm soát được vấn đề).
5. Cách chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Trong cấu trúc thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, bạn còn cần nắm được cách chia trợ động từ và động từ chính trong câu. Cụ thể là:
Cách kết hợp trợ động từ:
|
STT |
Chủ ngữ - Đại từ nhân xưng |
Cách chia |
|
1 |
I, you (Số ít) |
had been |
|
2 |
We, you, they (Số nhiều) |
had been |
|
3 |
He, she, it (Số ít) |
had been |
Để chia động từ chính ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, bạn hãy thêm đuôi “ing” vào sau động từ chính trong câu với các quy tắc sau:
|
Dạng động từ |
Cách chia |
Ví dụ |
|
Kết thúc bằng (-e) |
Bỏ (-e) thêm (-ing) |
take => taking |
|
Kết thúc bằng một phụ âm (-ie) |
Đổi (-ie) => (y) + (ing) |
die => dying |
|
Kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm và có 1 âm tiết |
Nhân đôi phụ âm cuối và thêm (-ing) |
see => seeing agree => agreeing |
|
Động từ có nhiều hơn 2 âm tiết và dấu nhấn âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối cùng |
Nhân đôi phụ âm cuối và thêm (-ing) |
prefer => preferring |
II. Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I. Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng tiếp diễn cho các động từ trong ngoặc.
1. I (work) all day, so I didn't want to go out.
2. She (sleep) for ten hours when I woke her.
3. They (live) in Beijing for three years when he lost his job.
4. When we met, you (work) at that company for six months.
5. We (eat) all day, so we felt a bit ill.
6. He was red in the face because he (run).
7. It (rain) and the road was covered in water.
8. I was really tired because I (study).
9. We (go) out for three years when we got married.
10. It (snow) for three days.
11. Mrs. Sally (teach) English for thirty years before she retired.
12. My grandpa (sleep) for three hours when I woke him up.
13. A young boy (stand) at the door until a policeman arrived.
14. Daniel (not work) for months before he was offered a management position.
15. My father (try) to fix the broken pipe for an hour before we eventually called a plumber.
16. The baby (cry) for fifteen minutes before her mother heard her cry.
17. How long (Dan drive) before he fell asleep and had an accident?
18. How long (you teach) before you were offered this position?
19. They (chat) for over 2 hours.
20. I (wait) there for ages.
21. Brianna (sit) there for 20 minutes before the doctor (call) her name.
22. You (work) there for several years before you (quit) your job.
23. They (jog) for a while before they (get) tired.
24. I (wait) for the bus for 10 minutes when it (arrive).
25. She (want) to rest a bit because she (clean) the whole day.
26. They (decide) to break up because they (fight) for a long time.
27. Alex (play) golf for many years before he (retire).
28. Susan (be) hungry because she (fast) the whole day.
29. Peter (drink) too much, so he (have) to run to the bathroom a lot.
30. Anna (fail) the exam because she (skip) classes.
31. I (work) on my book for a year when I (publish) it.
32. You (pass) the test because you (study) very well.
33. We (buy) the house after we (save) for many years.
34. The receptionist (accept) the applications for the interview.
35. The delivery boy (not/deliver) the parcel on time at the destination.
36. Ben (nod) always in front of his teacher in his lecture.
37. Thomas friends always (annoy) him in school?
38. They (not/enjoy) much because of their friend’s absence.
39. The stored water (overflow) above the dam in the rainy season.
40. When I saw him, he (beg) near the traffic signal on the highway.
41. She (not/mix) the water in the milk to give to the customers.
42. Her brother always (protect) her from intruders.
43. They (not/calculate) the overall budget of the party last night.
44. We (include) another chopper in our artillery.
45. He (suffer) from fever due to the change in the climate?
46. I (change) the freewheel of this machine yesterday.
47. She (not/explain) anything to anyone about the incident.
48. John (reject) the job offer of the MNC of Cambridge.
Đáp án:
|
1. had been working 2. had been sleeping 3. had been living 4. had been working 5. had been eating 6. had been running 7. had been raining 8. had been studying 9. had been going 10. had been snowing 11. had been teaching 12. had been sleeping 13. had been standing 14. had not been working 15. had been trying 16. had been crying 17. had Dan been driving 18. had you been teaching 19. had been chatting 20. had been waiting 21. had been sitting; called 22. had been working; quit 23. had been jogging; got 24. had been waiting; arrived |
25. wanted; had been cleaning 26. decided; had been fighting 27. had been playing; retired 28. was; had been fasting 29. had been drinking; had 30. failed; had been skipping 31. had been working; published 32. passed; had been studying 33. bought; had been saving 34. had been accepting 35. hadn’t been delivering 36. had always been nodding 37. Had ... always annoying 38. had not been enjoying 39. had been overflowing 40. had been begging 41. hadn’t been mixing 42. had always been protecting 43. hadn’t been calculating 44. had been including 45. had he been suffering 46. had been changing 47. hadn’t been explaining 48. had been rejecting |
II. Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. My dad ________ smoking in the garage.
A. has
B. had
C. had been
2. The printer ________ working well.
A. had not been
B. hadn't
C. had not
3. Had the players _____ playing by the rules?
A. been
B. have
C. be
4. She ________ expecting the worst.
A. had
B. 'd been
C. had being
5. Had the teachers ________ before the strike?
A. been work
B. working
C. been working
6. Our pool pump ________ running properly before the storm.
A. had not have
B. hadn't been
C. hadn't being
7. My sister’s roommate was upset. She _____ been waiting for an hour.
A. had
B. has
C. have
8. I just heard about the accident. ________ been working all night?
A. Had the driver
B. Had the driving
V. Have the driver
9. We were shocked to see her. ________ been expecting her.
A. We are
B. We have
C. We'd not
10. I finally reached my mom. ________ her all day.
A. I'd been calling
B. I have called
C. I called
11. Bruno and Marcela met at a medical assembly, which Marcela ______ _______ ________ for a long time.
A. was attending
B. has been attending
C. have been attending
D. had been attending
12. Keyla _______ _________ ________ for two hours before she arrived.
A. was driving
B. has been driving
C. had been driven
D. had been driving
13. Carlos _________ _________ ___________ all day, so he had a headache.
A. had worked
B. was working
C. has been working
D. had been working
14. What are the auxiliary verbs of the past perfect continuous tense?
A. has been
B. had been
C. was being
D. have been
15. What do we need to add to the main verb in the Past perfect continuous tense?
A. -s
B. -ed
C. -er
D. -ing
16. Priscilla _______ _______ information about an accident for two days, when the thief stole her notes.
A. had gathered
B. was gathering
C. had been gathered
D. had been gathering
17. Timothy _____ ______ _______ networking courses for two years when he was promoted to be a coach.
A. had taken
B. had been taking
C. have been taking
D. could have taken
18. My scores in high school _________ ________ ___________ until I made an effort to study more.
A. couldn't be improved
B. hadn't been improving
C. haven't been improving
D. wouldn't have improved
19. Joan's grandpa was upset. He ... for an hour.
A. had been waiting
B. had waited
C. had been waited
D. had been wait
20. I just heard about the accident. ... been working all night?
A. The driver had
B. Had the driver
C. Had the driving
D. Had the driven
21. When we had been doing the tour of the city we .......... to go and eat in a local restaurant.
A. was deciding
B. had decided
C. decided
D. had been deciding
22. We had been driving for nearly 100 kilometres before we finally .......... a service station we could stop at.
A. had being found
B. had found
C. found
D. had been finding
23. Mandy was exhausted by the time she went on holiday because she ... over 55 hours a week.
A. works
B. worked
C. had been working
D. had worked
24. The flat was lovely and tidy because my flatmate ....
A. had cleaned
B. was cleaning
C. had been cleaning
D. had been cleaned
25. Paul and Debbie fought over a serious problem. They ... on well for some time.
A. had been getting
B. had gotten
C. had not been getting
D. had not gotten
26. When you got sick, ... enough?
A. you had eaten
B. you had been eating
C. had you eaten
D. had you been eating
27. The line is busy. Mandy ___________________________ on the phone for hours.
A. talked
B. has talked
C. has been talking
D. had been talking
28. The house was perfect for him - it was exactly what he ....for.
A. had been looking
B. is looking
C. looks
D. have been looking
29. James ....medicine for years when he realized he didn't wan to be a doctor.
A. was studying
B. studied
C. has studied
D. had been studying
30. Once Sally saw me , I .......for 3 hours.
A. had gardened
B. had been gardening
31. Martha ................. three miles a day before she broke her leg.
A. walked
B. is walking
C. has been walking
D. had been walking
Đáp án:
1. C; 2. A; 3. A; 4. B; 5. C;
6. B; 7. A; 8. A; 9. C; 10. A;
11. D; 12. D; 13. D; 14. B; 15. D
16. C; 17. B; 18. B; 19. A; 20. B
21. D; 22. D; 23. C; 24. C; 25. A
26. D; 27. C; 28. A; 29. D; 30. B; 31. D
III. Bài tập vận dụng Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
When we arrived the film __________________ (start).
She ____________________ (work) in that company for twenty years when she was made redundant.
I felt ill because I ________________________ (drink) six cups of coffee.
I ______________________ (study) all day, so I was tired.
How long ___________________ (you / live) in London when your daughter was born?
When I arrived at the airport I realised I _____________ (forget) my passport.
I __________________ (break) my ankle, so I couldn’t go skiing last year.
She ____________________ (study) English for three years when she took the exam.
I ____________________ (run), so I was hot and tired.
I didn’t go to the class because I _______________ (not / do) my homework.
Đáp án:
had started
had been working
had drunk
had been studying
had been living
had forgotten
had broken
had been studying
had been running
hadn’t done
Bài 2: Lựa chọn phương án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống
I love this writer’s books. I (have been reading / had been reading) them for years.
His clothes were dirty because he (has been working / had been working) in the garden.
Where have you been? We (had been waiting / have been waiting) for you for ages.
He hasn’t decided on a career yet, but he (has been thinking / had been thinking) about it lately.
After she (has been playing / had been playing) the violin for ten years, she joined an orchestra.
Đáp án:
have been reading
had been working
have been waiting
has been thinking
had been playing
Bài 3: Hoàn thành câu bằng cách chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoặc Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Mike has never had an accident and he ………………………………… (drive) for years.
She had no idea it was so late because she ………………………………… (not / watch) the time.
“ ………………………………… (you / take) your medicine regularly, Mrs Smith?” “Yes, doctor.”
They eventually found the dog after they ………………………………… (look) for it all night.
How long ………………………………… your father ………………………………… (work) for the company when he retired?
Đáp án:
has been driving
hadn’t been watching
Have you been taking
had been looking
had … been working
Bài tập nâng cao
Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu với các cụm từ thích hợp
■ by tomorrow ■ so far ■ the week before ■ since
Our TV hasn’t been working …………………….. last week.
The Browns invited us to dinner although we had only met …………………….. .
They will have finished painting the house …………………….. .
We had been writing …………………….. nearly an hour when the bell rang.
They have interviewed three suspects …………………….. .
Đáp án:
since
the week before
by tomorrow
for
so far
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lỗi ở những câu sau
Jane has lost weight. She had been dieting for months now.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Everything was white when we woke up because it has been snowing all night.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
I was so happy when he asked me to marry him. I have been loving him for years.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
That man is making me nervous. He has stared at me all evening.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Hurry up, or they have sold all the tickets by the time we get there.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Đáp án:
1. Jane has lost weight. She has been dieting for months now.
2. Everything was white when we woke up because it had been snowing all night.
3. I was so happy when he asked me to marry him. I have loved him for years.
4. That man is making me nervous. He has been staring at me all evening.
5. Hurry up, or they will have sold all the tickets by the time we get there.
Bài 3: Lựa chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu
1. Don’t come before seven. I …………………….. my homework.
a. haven’t finished b. won’t have finished c. hadn’t finished
2. She loves animals. She …………………….. a dog for as long as she can remember.
a. has had b. had had c. will have had
3. Jack wanted to know why Sally …………………….. to him yet.
a. hasn’t written b. hasn’t been writing c. hadn’t written
4. We …………………….. him, so we were very surprised to see him.
a. haven’t been expecting b. haven’t expected c. hadn’t been expecting
5. His playing has improved because he …………………….. all month.
a. will have practised b. has been practising c. had practised
Đáp án:
1 – b ; 2 – a ; 3 – c ; 4 – c ; 5 – b
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