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Bài tập Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I. Cấu trúc – dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì Hiện tại hoàn thành và thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
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HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (PRESENT PERFECT) |
HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN(PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS) |
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Công thức to be |
Khẳng định: S + have/has + been + …Phủ định: S + have/has not + been +… Nghi vấn: Have/Has + S + been +…? |
Khẳng định: S + have/has + been + … Phủ định: S + have/has not + been +… Nghi vấn: Have/Has + S + been +…? |
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Công thức động từ thường |
Khẳng định: S + have/has + V(p2) + …Phủ định: S + have/has not + V(p2) +… Nghi vấn: Have/Has + S + V(p2) + …? |
Khẳng định: S + have/has + been + V-ing + …Phủ định: S + have/has not + been +V-ing + …Nghi vấn: Have/Has + S + been + V-ing + …? |
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Dấu hiệu nhận biết |
Dấu hiệu nhận biết: just, already, recently, lately, ever, never…before, yet, so far, until now, up to now, during/for/in/over + the past/last time, several times,…
Thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ trạng thái (state verbs) như: think, know, want, see,…
Cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất: the + Adj-est/the + most + Adj. |
Dấu hiệu nhận biết: since, for, all day, all day long, all the morning/afternoon/evening,…
Thường được dùng với các động từ cần nhấn mạnh vào thời gian như: stay, wait, sit, lie,… |
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Ví dụ |
I have already done all the homework. (Tôi hoàn thành xong hết bài tập rồi.) I have known him for 3 years. (Tôi biết anh ta 3 năm rồi.) This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. (Đây là bộ phim hay nhất tôi từng xem.) |
I have been doing the homework all day.(Tôi làm bài tập hết cả ngày.) He has been waiting here for 3 hours.(Anh ấy chờ ở đây 3 ngày rồi.) |
II. So sánh cách sử dụng của thì Hiện tại hoàn thành và thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
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HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (PRESENT PERFECT) |
HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN(PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS) |
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Cách sử dụng |
Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra ở quá khứ nhưng kết quả còn lưu lại đến hiện tại và tương lai. (Xét về tính trọn vẹn, tức là hành động đã xảy ra trọn vẹn nhưng kết quả thì vẫn còn ở hiện tại.)
Nhấn mạnh vào kết quả của hành động. (Diễn tả một hành động nhưng không rõ thời gian cụ thể làm hành động ấy.)
Thể hiện kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm của một cá nhân. |
Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn tiếp tục ở hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp diễn trong tương lai. (Hành động ấy chưa xảy ra trọn vẹn.)
Nhấn mạnh vào quá trình, khoảng thời gian của hành động.
Không dùng để thể hiện kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm của cá nhân. |
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Ví dụ |
I have made a cup of coffee. It’s good.(Tôi đã làm xong một cốc cà phê và vị nó ngon.)
I have lost 3 kilos since I was ill. (Tôi vừa mới giảm 3 cân khi tôi bị ốm.)
This is the first time I have ever eaten such a delicious dish. (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi từng được ăn một món ăn ngon như vậy.) |
I have been making a cup of coffee.(Tôi đang làm một cốc cà phê.)
I have been losing weight to keep fit for 3 years. (Tôi đã phải giảm cân trong suốt 3 năm để giữ dáng.) |
III. Bài tập Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bài 1: Fill in the blank with Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous
Tommy ______ (read) a book for 2 hours, and he’s still reading it.
Tommy ______ (read) 68 pages so far.
Jennie ______ (visit) five countries recently.
Jennie ______ (travel) for 3 months, and she’s visiting Tokyo at the moment.
Peter ______ (play) the piano to become a musician since he was very small.
Peter ______ (win) the piano competition three times.
They ______ (make) a lot of famous films since they graduated.
They ______ (make) films since they graduated.
I ______ (learn) four English lessons.
I ______ (learn) English all day.
She ______ (not do) home work yet.
The box is empty. Someone ______ (eat) all candies.
He ______(wait) there for 2 hours.
The population of China ______(increase) since 1990 and there’s no sign of stopping.
15. I ______(drink) more water lately, and I feel better.
Đáp án:
has been reading
has read
has visited
has been travelling
has been playing
has won
have made
have been making
have learnt
have been learning
hasn’t done
has eaten
has been waiting
has been increasing
have drunk
Bài 2: Choose the correct answer
David has run/has been running 2 kilometers today.
David has run/has been running for 2 hours today.
I have done/have been doing housework all day, and I’m so tired.
I have read/have been reading the book, so you can borrow it.
How many movies have you watched/have you been watching?
How long have you watched/have you been watching the movie?
Why haven’t you repaired/haven’t you been repairing the car yet?
There’s so much snow on the road. Has it snowed/Has it been snowing all night?
The most amazing film I have ever watched/have ever been watching is Harry Potter.
We have bought/have been buying a carpet.
Đáp án:
has run
has been running
have been doing
have read
have you watched
have you been watching
haven’t you repaired
Has it been snowing
have ever watched
have bought
Bài 3: Put the verb into either Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous tense
A: Michelle, how long ______(you/learn) Spanish?
B: For about 3 years.
A: What a lovely smell!
B: Thank you. My mother ______(make) a lot of cookies.
A: Why is your finger bleeding?
B: Oops. I ______ (already/cut) my finger.
A: ______(you/read) the book yet?
B: I ______ (read) the book you recommended. I really like it, but I’m not finished.
A: Why does she look so tired?
B: Because she ______ (run) for 3 hours.
A: How much coffee ______(he/drink) this morning?
B: Maybe three cups of coffee.
A: Can you go out with me this weekend?
B: Sorry, I cannot. My exams are in a few weeks, so I ______(study) a lot recently.
A: ______ (you/buy) the train ticket yet?
B: I ______(just/buy) it.
A: ______(he/stay) there for 3 hours?
B: Yes. He’s still there.
A: How many times ______(you/visit) Paris?
B: About twice.
Đáp án:
have you been learning
has made
have already cut
Have you read – have been reading
has been running
has he drunk
have been studying
Have you bought – have just bought
Has he been staying
have you visited
Bài 4: Underline and correct the mistakes in these sentences. Write “True” if the sentence is right
She looks exhausted these days. She has worked too hard recently.
Mary has never been studying abroad before.
I have been waiting three hours already!
How long has he worked as a teacher?
She has written a letter and has sent it to her friend.
We have painted my room, and we think it looks nicer.
I have called Liz for hours, but she hasn’t answered.
We have been knowing Mike for ages.
How many books has she ever read?
I have worked hard all day and I need a rest.
Đáp án:
Bài 5: Rewrite sentences using words given
She / drink / ten / glasses / wine.
She / eat / candies / all morning / so / she / feel / sick.
We / paint / room / all day / and / it / not finish / yet.
He / clean / bathroom / so / everything / be / neat.
You / promise / help / me / several times!
I / read / book / you / give / me / but / I / be / still on / chapter 3.
I / raise / cat / 10 years.
She / not / visit / parents / so long / because / she / be / busy.
He / play / volleyball / since / he / be / so small.
You / finish / homework / yet?
Đáp án:
She has been eating candies all morning, so she feels sick.
We have been painting our room all day and it has not finished yet.
He has cleaned his bathroom, so everything is neat.
You have promised to help me several times!
I have been reading the book you gave me, but I am still on chapter 3.
I have been raising my cat for 10 years.
She has not been visiting her parents for so long, because she is busy.
He has been playing volleyball since he was so small.
Have you finished your homework yet?
IV. Bài tập vận dụng
Bài 1: For each situation, write two sentences using the words in brackets.
1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.
(read/ for two hour) He has been reading for two hours.
(read/ 53 pages so far) He has read 53 pages so far.
2. Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her trip three months ago.
(travel/ for three months) She .......
(visit/six countries so far) .......
3. Patrick is a tennis player.He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is national champion again – for the fourth time
(win/ the national championships/ four times) .......
(play/ tennis since he was ten) .......
4. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together.They still make films.
(make/ five films since they left college) .......
Đáp án
2. She's been travelling for three months.
She's visited six countries so far.
3. He's won the national championships four times.
He's been playing tennis since he was ten.
4. They've made five films since they left college.
They've been making films since they left college.
Bài 2: For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic.
You ask: (how long/ learn/ Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you.
You ask: (wait/ long) Have .........
3. You see somebody fishing by the river.
You ask: (catch/ any fish?) .........
4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week.
You ask: (how many people/ invite?) .........
5. A friend of yours is a teacher.
You ask: (how long/ teach) .........
6. You meet somebody who is a writer.
You ask: (how many book/ write) ......... (how long/ write/ books?) .........
7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday.
You ask: (how long/ save?) ......... (how much money/ save) .........
Đáp án
2. Have you been waiting long?
3. Have you caught any fish?
4. How many people have you invited?
5. How long have you been teaching?
6. How many books have you written? How long have you been writing books?
7. How long have you been saving? How much money have you saved?
Bài 3: Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done) or continuous (I have been doing).
1. Where have you been? Have you been playing (you/ play) tennis?
2. Look! ..... (somebody/ break) that window.
3. You look tired ..... (you/ work) hard?
4. "...... (you/ ever/ work) in a factory?" "No, never."
5. "Liz is away on holiday." "Is she? Where ..... (she/ go).
6. My brother is an actor ..... (he/ appear) in several films.
7. "Sorry I'm late". "That's all right ..... (I/ not/ wait) long?"
8. "Is it still raining?" "No, ..... (it/ stop)".
9. ...... (I/ lose) my address book ..... (you/ see) it?
10. ...... (I/ read) the book you lent me, but ..... (I/ not/ finish) it yet. It's very interesting.
11. ...... (I/ read) the book you lent me,so you can have it back now.
Đáp án
2. somebody has broken
3. Have you been working
4. Have you ever worked
5. has he gone
6. he's appeared
7. I haven't been waiting
8. it's stopped
9. I've lost
10. I've been reading
11. I've read
Bài 4. Choose present perfect simple or continuous
1) (they/arrive) already?
2) Lucy (run) 2000 metres today.
3) I (clean) all morning - I'm fed up!
4) How long (you/know) Simon?
5) I (drink) more water recently, and I feel better.
6) Sorry about the mess! I (bake).
7) How many times (you/take) this exam?
8) He (eat) six bars of chocolate today.
9) Julie (cook) dinner. Let's go and eat!
10) The students (finish) their exams. They're very happy.
11) The baby's face is really dirty. What (he/eat)?
12) Iona is exhausted these days. She (work) too hard recently.
13) Luke (never/be) abroad.
14) I (wait) three hours already!
15) (you/finish) your homework yet?
16) How long (you/be) a lawyer?
17) I (read) your book all day. It's very interesting, but I'm only on chapter 2.
18) She (drink) ten glasses of water!
19) I (have) my dog for sixteen years.
20) Help, I (lose) my wallet. How can I get home?
21) I (not/do) the housework yet.
22) They (study) very hard recently.
23) She (promise) to help many times.
24) He (clean) the kitchen. Everything is sparkling clean.
25) She (write) her essay and (send) it to her professor.
26) He (see) the film 'The King's Speech' about six times.
27) We (paint) our living room. I think it looks a lot better.
28) She (take) French lessons lately.
29) It (not/rain) for three hours! Only about one hour.
30) Lucy (leave) .
Đáp án
1 - Have they arrived; 2 - has run; 3 - have been cleaning; 4 - have you known;
5 - have been drinking; 6 - have been baking; 7 - have you taken; 8 - has eaten;
9 - has cooked; 10 - have finished; 11 - has he been eating; 12 - has been working;
13 - has never been; 14 - have been waiting; 15 - Have you finished; 16 - have you been;
17 - have been reading; 18 - has drunk; 19 - have had; 20 - have lost;
21 - haven't done; 22 - have been studying; 23 - has promised; 24 - has cleaned;
25 - has written - has sent; 26 - has seen; 27 - have painted; 28 - has been taking; 29 - hasn't been raining; 30 - has already left
Bài 5: Put the verb between brackets in the correct tense. Use the present perfect continuous when possible, and use the present perfect simple elsewhere
1. I ___________________ (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it?
2. I ___________________ (read) the book you gave me, but I ___________________ (not finish) it yet
3. “Sorry, I’m late!” - “That’s right. I ___________________ (not wait) long.
4. I ___________________ (clean) the windows. So farr I ___________________ (clean) five of them. There are only two more to do.
5. There’s a strange smell in here. ___________________ (yoy/ cook) something?
6. Lucy ___________________ (run) 200 metres today.
7. I ___________________ (clean) all morning. - I’m fed up!
8. How long ___________________ (you/ know) Simon?
9. I ___________________ (drink) more water lately, and I feel better.
10. Sorry about the mess! I ___________________ (bake)
11. How many times ___________________ (you/ take) this exam?
12. He ___________________ (eat) six bars of chocolate today!
13. Julie ___________________ (cook) dinner. Let’s go and eat!
14. The students ___________________ (finish) their exams. They’re very happy.
15. The baby’s face is really dirty! What ___________________ (he/ eat)?
Đáp án
1. I __________have lost_________ (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it?
2. I ________have been reading___________ (read) the book you gave me, but I ________haven’t finshed___________ (not finish) it yet
3. “Sorry, I’m late!” - “That’s right. I ______haven’t been waiting_____________ (not wait) long.
4. I ______have been cleaning_____________ (clean) the windows. So far I ________have cleaned___________ (clean) five of them. There are only two more to do.
5. There’s a strange smell in here. ____Have you been cooking_______________ (yoy/ cook) something?
6. Lucy _____had run______________ (run) 200 metres today.
7. I _____have been cleaning______________ (clean) all morning. - I’m fed up!
8. How long _______have you known____________ (you/ know) Simon?
9. I _____’ve been drinking______________ (drink) more water lately, and I feel better.
10. Sorry about the mess! I ______;ve been baking_____________ (bake)
11. How many times _________have you taken__________ (you/ take) this exam?
12. He _______has eaten____________ (eat) six bars of chocolate today!
13. Julie ________has cooked___________ (cook) dinner. Let’s go and eat!
14. The students ______have finished_____________ (finish) their exams. They’re very happy.
15. The baby’s face is really dirty! What __________has he been eating_________ (he/ eat)?
Bài 6: Conjugate the following verbs into the present perfect or present perfect tense in the next forum.
1. I (try) to learn English for years.
2. I (wait) for two hours, but she (not come) yet.
3. She (read) all the works of Dickens. How many have you (read)?
4. I (wait) hear nearly half an hour for my girlfriend Joana; do you think she (forget) to come?
5. Mary (rest) in the garden all day because she (be) ill.
6. Although john (study) at the university for five years he (not get) his degree yet.
7. Jack (go) to Switzerland for a holiday; I never (be) there.
8. We (live) for the last five months, and just ( decide) to move.
9. You already (drink) 3 cups of tea since I (sit) here.
10. That book (lie) on the table for weeks. You (not read) it yet?
Đáp án
1. have been trying/ have not succeeded
2. have been waiting / hasn’t come
3. has read /have you read
4. have been waiting / has forgot
5. has been resting / has been
6. has been studying / has not got
7. has gone / has never been
8. have been living / have just decided
9. have already drunk / have been sitting
10. has been lying / haven’t you read
Bài 7: Write one question for each situation.
1. You meet Paul as he is leaving the swimming pool.
You ask: (you/ swim?) Have you been swimming?
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.
You ask: (you/ wait/ long) ...........
3. You meet a friend in the street. His face and hands are dirty.
You ask: (what/ to/ do?) ...........
4. A friend of yours is now working in a shop. You want to know how long.
You ask: (how long/ you/ work/ there?)
5. A friend tells you about his job – he sells computers. You want to knowhow long.
You ask: (how long/ you/ sell/ computers?) ...........
Đáp án
2. Have you been waiting long?
3. What have you been doing?
4. How long have you been working there?
5. How long have you been selling computers?
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