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Bài tập Thì quá khứ đơn và thì quá khứ hoàn thành
I. Định nghĩa và cách dùng
1. Thì quá khứ đơn
Thì quá khứ đơn dùng để diễn tả hành động diễn ra và đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, cụ thể:
Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể, hoặc một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc hoàn toàn ở quá khứ.
E.g.: I sat here 3 hours ago. (Tôi ngồi đây 3 giờ đồng hồ rồi).
Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
E.g.: John went fishing once a week when he was in Vietnam. (John từng đi câu cá một lần một tuần khi anh ấy còn ở Việt Nam).
Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ..
E.g.: Last night, I came home at 10 o’clock, took a bath, watched a movie and then I went to sleep. (Tối qua, mình đã về nhà lúc 10 giờ, tắm rửa, xem phim và sau đó đi ngủ).
Diễn tả một hành động xen vào một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ.
E.g.: Yesterday, when I came to my grandmother’s house, she was knitting a sweater. (Hôm qua, khi tôi đến nhà bà thì bà đang đan một chiếc áo len).
→ Hành động chen vào “came” thì chia quá khứ đơn, hành động đang diễn ra “knitting” thì chia quá khứ tiếp diễn.
Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại II (câu điều kiện dùng để nói về những điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại).
E.g.: If I were you, I would not forgive him. (Nếu tớ là cậu thì tớ sẽ không bỏ qua cho cậu ta).
Dùng trong điều ước không có thật ở hiện tại.
E.g.: I wish I were a billionaire. (Tớ ước tớ là một tỷ phú).
Dùng trong một số cấu trúc:
It’s + (high) time + S + Ved It + is + khoảng thời gian + since + thì quá khứ.
E.g.: It’s time we started to carry out our experiment. (Đã đến lúc chúng ta bắt đầu tiến hành thí nghiệm rồi).
Câu hỏi có thể ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành những câu trả lời ở thì quá khứ.
E.g.: Has the teacher come to see me? (Giáo viên tới gặp tớ chưa).
Yes, he came. (Có, thầy đã đến rồi).
Hành động xảy ra một cách rõ ràng ở một thời điểm nhất định ngay cả khi thời điểm này không được đề cập đến.
E.g.: The bus was 5 minutes late. (Xe buýt đã trễ 5 phút).
2. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ, cụ thể:
Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ.
E.g.: I washed my clothes after I had planted trees. (Tôi giặt quần áo sau khi tôi trồng cây).
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ hoặc một hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ.
E.g.: I had done housework before my mom came home. (Tôi đã làm xong việc nhà trước khi mẹ tôi về).
Diễn tả hành động nào đó là hành động tiên quyết xảy ra hành động khác.
E.g.: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well. (Tôi đã chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi và đã bắt đầu làm tốt).
Được dùng trong câu điều kiện loại III để diễn tả điều kiện không có thật.
E.g.: If I had brought my umbrella, I would not have gotten wet. (Nếu tôi mang theo ô thì tôi đã không bị ướt rồi).
3. Cấu trúc
|
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Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Quá khứ đơn |
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Câu khẳng định |
S + had + Vp3 E.g.: We had gone out of rice before we cooked. (Chúng ta đã hết gạo trước khi nấu ăn rồi). |
S + was/were/V-ed + … E.g.:I was so thin when I was 6. (Tôi đã rất gầy khi tôi 6 tuổi). |
|
Câu phủ định |
S + hadn’t + Vp3 E.g.: We had not had any rice left before we cooked. (Chúng ta không còn chút gạo nào trước khi nấu ăn rồi). |
S + did not / + V (nguyên thể) + … S + was not /were not + …did not = didn’t) was not = wasn’t ; were not = weren’t E.g.: I didn’t try my best last semester (Tôi đã không cố hết sức mình vào học kỳ trước). She wasn’t old enough to ride a motorbike. (Cô ấy đã từng chưa đủ lớn để lái xe). |
|
Câu nghi vấn |
– Câu có từ để hỏi: Từ để hỏi + had + S + VpIII?
– Câu không có từ để hỏi: Had + S + VpIII? => Trả lời: Yes, S + had. Hoặc: No, S + hadn’t/had not.
E.g.: Had they finished cooking when the customers came? (Họ đã nấu xong trước khi khách đến chưa?).No, they hadn’t. (Chưa, họ chưa). What had they cooked before customers came? (Họ đã nấu gì trước khi khách tới?). |
– Câu không có từ để hỏi: Did+ S + V (nguyên thể)? Was/Were + S + … ? => Trả lời: Yes, S + did/was/were. Hoặc: No, S + didn’t/wasn’t/weren’t.
– Câu có từ để hỏi: Từ để hỏi + did + S + V (nguyên thể)? Từ để hỏi + was/were + S + … ?
E.g.: Did you give it to him? (Bạn đã đưa nó cho anh ấy chưa?) => Yes, I did. (Có, tôi đưa rồi). Was she aware of that? (Cô ấy có ý thức được điều đó không?) => No, she wasn’t (Cô ấy không). Where did they wait? (Họ đã đợi ở đâu?). |
4. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
|
|
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành |
Thì quá khứ đơn |
|
Dấu hiệu nhận biết |
– Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, … – Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past … |
– Yesterday, ago, last (week, year, month), in the past, the day before, … – Những khoảng thời gian đã qua trong ngày (today, this morning, this afternoon). – Sau as if, as though (như thể là), it’s time (đã đến lúc), if only, wish (ước gì), would sooner/ rather (thích hơn). |
II. Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn
Bài 1: Chia động từ ở các câu sau đây.
1. They (go) ……………..home after they (finish) ………………… their work.
2. She said that she (already, see) ……………………. Dr. Rice.
3. After taking a bath, he (go) ………………………….. to bed.
4. He told me he (not/eat) ………………………… such kind of food before.
5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) ………………………………….
6. Before she (watch) ………………….. TV, she (do) ………………. homework.
7. What (do) …………….. he before he went to the airport?
8. After they (go) ………………………, I (sit) ……………….. down and (watch)…………..TV
9. Yesterday, John (go) ………………….. to the store before he (go) ………………… home.
10. She (win) ………………………. the gold medal in 1986.
Đáp án:
1. went, had finished
2. had already seen
3. went
4. hadn’t eaten
5. had already begun
6. watched, had done
7. had he done
8. had gone, sat, watched
9. had gone, went
10. won
Bài 2: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.
1. We were driving along the road when ___________ (we/ see) a car which __________ (break) down, so __________ (we/ stop) to help.
2. Sorry I’m late. The car _______ (break) down on my way here.
3. Jack travels a lot. When I first met him, _____________________ (he/ already/ travel) around the world.
4. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ___________ (go) to bed.
5. Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived. ______ (He/ go) home.
Đáp án:
Bài 3: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.
1. Tom ……………… (give) me the book yesterday but I knew he ……………… (not read) it
2. When I arrived home I realized that I ……………… (not phone) my grandparents
3. The postman ……………… (come) after I ……………… (leave) the office
4. When the old lady ……………… (return) to her flat, she ……………… (see) that burglars ……………… (break) into.
5. My grandmother ……………… (make) some cheese sandwiches when I ……………… (get) home at 5.30
6. By the time Linda ……………… (park) her car, her boyfriend ……………… (drink) two cups of coffee
7. I wondered where I ……………… (see) him before
8. My dog ……………… (be) hungry because he ……………… (have) nothing to eat since breakfast
9. I ……………… (recognize) him because I ……………… (see) his photo in the newspaper before
10. Margaret was upset because her husband ……………… (forget) her birthday.
Đáp án:
gave/hadn’t read
hadn’t phoned
came/had left
returned/saw/had broken
had made/got
parked/had drunk
had seen
was/had had
recognized/had seen
had forgotten
Bài 4: Viết lại câu sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.
1. Tom went home after that I arrived at the party
After Tom ___________________________________________
2. She had dinner and then she came to my house.
After she_____________________________________________
3. She went to the airport but the plane had already departed
After the plane ________________________________________
4. Her wallet was stolen and then she went to the police station
After her _____________________________________________
5. I took the bus and then went shopping
After I _______________________________________________
6. She arrived home then she prepared tea for her kids
After she ____________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. After Tom had gone home, he arrived at the party
2. After she had dinner, she come to my house
3. After the plane had departed, she went to the airport.
4. After her wallet had been stolen, she went to the police station
5. After I had taken the bus, I went shopping
6. After she had arrived home, she prepared tea for her kids
Bài 5: Khoanh tròn dạng đúng của động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành sau cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu.
Đáp án:
1. had left – arrived
2. started – had finished
3. went – had got
4. had seen – came
5. hadn’t spoken – moved
6. had got – reached
7. brought – had finished
8. refused – had had
9. hadn’t thought – saw
10. hadn’t tried – went
III. Bài tập luyện tập
Exercise 1: Put the verbs into the correct form, past perfect or past simple
1. We were driving along the road when ___________ (we/ see) a car which __________ (break) down, so __________ (we/ stop) to help.
2. Sorry I’m late. The car _______ (break) down on my way here.
3. Jack travels a lot. When I first met him, _____________________ (he/ already/ travel) round the world.
4. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ___________ (go) to bed.
5. Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived. ______ (He/ go) home.
Đáp án:
1. We were driving along the road when ____we saw_______ (we/ see) a car which ____had broken______ (break) down, so __we stopped________ (we/ stop) to help.
2. Sorry I’m late. The car _broke______ (break) down on my way here.
3. Jack travels a lot. When I first met him, _____he had already travelled_____ (he/ already/ travel) round the world.
4. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ___had gone_____ (go) to bed.
5. Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived. __He had gone____ (He/ go) home.
Exercise 2: Read the situations and write sentences using the words in brackets
1. The people sitting next to you on the plane we’re nervous. It was their first flight
(They/ not/ fly/ before) _______________________________
2. Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game ever.
(He/ never/ play/ before) _______________________________
3. I met Daniel last week. It was good to see him again after such a long time.
(I/ not/ see/ him for five years) _______________________________
4. Last year we went to Mexico. It was our first time there
(We/ not/ be/ there/ before) We _______________________________
5. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late
(The film/ already/ start) _______________________________
Đáp án:
1. They hadn’t flown before
2. He’d never played before
3. I hadn’t seen him for five years
4. We hadn’t been there before
5. The film had already started
Exercise 3: Put the verbs into correct form
1. She (come) ………….. back home after she (finish) their work.
2. Before my son (go) ……………….. to bed, he (read) a novel.
3. He told me he (not/wear) such kind of clothes before.
4. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………….
5. Last night, Peter (go) ……….. to the supermarket before he (go) home
6. Tom ……………… (give) me the book yesterday but I knew he (not
read) it
7. When I arrived home I realized that I (not phone) my grandparents
8. The postman ……………… (come) after I (leave) the office
9. When the old lady ……………… (return) to her flat, she ……………… (see) that burglars (break) into.
10. My grandmother ……………… (make) some cheese sandwiches when I (get) home at 5.30
11. By the time Linda ……………… (park) her car, her boyfriend (drink)
two cups of coffee
12. I wondered where I (see) him before
13. My dog ……………… (be) hungry because he ……………… (have) nothing to eat since breakfast
14. I ……………… (recognize) him because I ……………… (see) his photo in the newspaper before
15. Margaret was upset because her husband (forget) her birthday.
16. When I arrived home from school yesterday, I ………………….. (find) that my bike wasn’t there. Someone …………………..
17. When Peter ………………….. (arrive) at the bus station, the bus ………………….. (already/ leave)
18. Fiona ………………….. (offer) Sony a job after she ………………….. (finish) her degree.
19. Jill ………………….. (want) to meet my boyfriend because she ………………….. (never/ see) him before.
20. I ………………….. (know) about that accident because I ………………….. (hear) about it on the radio.
Đáp án:
1. She (come) ……came…….. back home after she (finish) …had finished……… their work.
2. Before my son (go) ……went………….. to bed, he (read) ………had read……………
a novel.
3. He told me he (not/wear) ………hadn’t worn………………… such kind of clothes before.
4. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ……had started…………………………….
5. Last night, Peter (go) …had gone.. to the supermarket before he (go) …went…… home
6. Tom ……gave………… (give) me the book yesterday but I knew he ……hadn’t read (not read) it
7. When I arrived home I realized that I ……hadn’t phoned………… (not phone) my grandparents
8. The postman ………came……… (come) after I ………had left……… (leave) the office
9. When the old lady ………returned……… (return) to her flat, she ………saw………
(see) that burglars ………had broken (break) into.
10. My grandmother ………had made……… (make) some cheese sandwiches when I …………got (get) home at 5.30
11. By the time Linda ………parked……… (park) her car, her boyfriend had
drunk (drink) two cups of coffee
12. I wondered where I ………had seen (see) him before
13. My dog ………was……… (be) hungry because he ………had had (have)
nothing to eat since breakfast
14. I …………recognized…… (recognize) him because I ………had seen (see)
his photo in the newspaper before
15. Margaret was upset because her husband ………had forgotten……… (forget) her birthday.
16. When I arrived home from school yesterday, I ………found………….. (find) that my bike wasn’t there. Someone ……had stolen……………..
17. When Peter ………arrived………….. (arrive) at the bus station, the bus ………had already left………….. (already/ leave)
18. Fiona ……offered…………….. (offer) Sony a job after she ………had finished………….. (finish) her degree.
19. Jill ………wanted………….. (want) to meet my boyfriend because she ……………had never seen…….. (never/ see) him before.
20. I ………knew………….. (know) about that accident because I ………had heard………….. (hear) about it on the radio.
Exercise 4: Past Simple or Past Perfect? Read the sentences carefully and circle the correct options.
1. The robbers left / had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived / had arrived.
2. When the rain started / had started , the Atkinsons finished / had finished planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca went / had gone into the store , she got / had got soaked.
4. Darcey saw / had seen this castle before she came / had come again last Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer didn't speak / hadn't spoken any Chinese before he moved / had moved to Peking.
6. Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached / had reached the hospital.
7. When my mother brought / had brought me an apple , I finished / had finished my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson refused / had refused to drive the car because she had / had had a terrible accident on the highway about a year ago.
9. I didn't think / hadn't thought of having a new house before I saw / had seen that ad on TV.
10. My uncle didn't try / hadn't tried Italian food before went / had gone to that restaurant.
Đáp án:
1. The robbers had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived.
2. When the rain started, the Atkinsons had finished planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca went into the store , she had got soaked.
4. Darcey had seen this castle before she came again last Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer hadn't spoken any Chinese before he moved to Peking.
6. Sonny had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached the hospital.
7. When my mother brought me an apple , I had finished my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson refused to drive the car because she had had a terrible accident on the highway about a year ago.
9. I hadn't thought of having a new house before I saw that ad on TV.
10. My uncle hadn't tried Italian food before went to that restaurant.
Exercise 5: Choose the correct meaning for each sentence
1. When we got to the cinema, the film had started.
A. The film started before we arrived
B. The film started after we arrived.
2. Ana had just had a shower when I called
A. She was having a shower when I called
B. I called Ana after she had had a shower
3. I had never eaten sushi until I went to a Japanese restaurant last week
A. I ate sushi for the first time last week
B. I had eaten sushi before going to the Japanese restaurant
4. She screamed because she had seen a mouse
A. She saw a mouse. Then she screamed
B. She screamed. Then she saw a mouse
Đáp án:
|
1. A |
2. B |
3. A |
4. A |
Exercise 6: Join the two sentences using the past simple or past perfect tense
1. Tom went home after that I arrived at the party
After Tom ___________________________________________
2. She had dinner and then she came to my house.
After she_____________________________________________
3. She went to the airport but the plane had already departed
After the plane ________________________________________
4. Her wallet was stolen and then she went to the police station
After her _____________________________________________
5. I took the bus and then went shopping
After I _______________________________________________
6. She arrived home then she prepared tea for her kids
After she ____________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. After Tom had gone home, he arrived at the party
2. After she had dinner, she come to my house
3. After the plane had departed, she went to the airport.
4. After her wallet had been stolen, she went to the police station
5. After I had taken the bus, I went shopping
6. After she had arrived home, she prepared tea for her kids
1. I had already seen the film but I decided to watch it again last night.
a. I watched the film last night for the first time.
b. Last night wasn’t the first time that I had seen the film.
2. The boys were playing football while it was raining.
a. The boys were playing football until it started to rain.
b. The boys played football in the rain.
3. I was writing an e-mail when our computer broke down.
a. Our computer broke down before I wrote an e-mail.
b. I had started writing an e-mail and then our computer broke down.
4. My aunt bought me a lovely gift after she had spent the summer holiday with us.
a. When the summer holiday was over, my aunt bought me a lovely gift.
b. While my aunt was spending the summer holiday with us, she bought us a lovely gift
Đáp án:
1. b
2. b
3. b
4. a
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