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Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
I. Lý thuyết thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect tense)
1. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Diễn tả một hoạt động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
VD: My mom had cooked breakfast when I got up. (Mẹ tôi đã nấu bữa sáng trước khi tôi thức dậy.)
Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài tới một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
VD: By the time I finished his studies, I had been in Ha Noi for over five years. (Trước khi tôi hoàn thành việc học, tôi đã ở Hà Nội được năm năm.)
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
VD: He had never played football until last week. (Anh ấy chưa từng bao giờ chơi bóng đá cho tới tuần trước.)
Diễn tả hành động điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ trong câu điều kiện loại III.
VD: She would have come to the party if she had been invited. (Cô ấy lẽ ra đã đến bữa tiệc nếu cô ấy được mời.)
Dùng để thể hiện sự thất vọng về sự việc nào đó trong quá khứ. (thường dùng cấu trúc điều ước trong quá khứ.)
VD: I wished I had told the truth. (Tôi ước là tôi đã nói sự thật.)
2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Việc ghi nhớ dấu hiệu nhận biết là cực kỳ quan trọng. Bởi bạn có thể sử dụng những dấu hiệu này để làm các bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành hay dạng bài tập thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành. Một số từ xuất hiện trong câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cần chú ý là:
Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, …
Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
3. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Câu khẳng định |
Câu phủ định |
Câu nghi vấn |
S + had + VpII Ví dụ:
(Anh ấy đã đi ra ngoài khi tôi vào nhà.)
(Họ đã hoàn thành công việc của họ ngay trước hạn chót vào tuần trước. |
S + hadn’t + VpII Ví dụ: hadn’t = had not Ví dụ:
(Cô ấy vẫn chưa về nhà khi tôi về.)
(Họ vẫn chưa ăn xong bữa trưa khi trông thấy họ). |
Had + S + VpII ? Trả lời: Yes, S + had. No, S + hadn’t. Ví dụ:
(Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi bạn tới rạp chiếu phim phải không?) Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t |
4. Phân biệt quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành
Thì Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ hoàn thành là một trong những chủ điểm quan trọng trong cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng Anh. Bởi chúng được sử dụng khá nhiều trong công việc và cuộc sống trong môi trường ngoại ngữ. Tuy nhiên vẫn còn khá nhiều bạn chưa biết cách phân biệt cụ thể hai thì này. Đặc biệt có nhiều sự nhầm lẫn khi làm bài tập quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành
Thì Quá khứ đơn |
Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Ví dụ: Vietnam was the colony of France from 1859 to 1945. (Việt Nam đã là thuộc địa của Pháp từ năm 1859 đến 1945.)
Ví dụ: When the game finished, the spectators left the stadium and went home. (Khi trận đấu kết thúc, khán giả rời sân vận động và về nhà.)
Ví dụ: He studied English for 3 years. (Now he didn’t study it.) |
Ví dụ: I met them after they had divorced. (Tôi gặp họ sau khi họ ly dị.)
Ví dụ: When he went to Thailand, he had studied Thailand for over 2 years. (Khi anh ấy đi Thái, anh ấy đã học tiếng Thái hơn 2 năm.) |
II. Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành
The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we ______ (build).
He ______ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
When she went out to play, she ______ (do / already) her homework.
My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _____ (make) .
The doctor took off the plaster that he ______ (put on) six weeks before.
The waiter brought a drink that I _______ (not / order).
I could not remember the poem we _______ (learn) the week before.
The children collected the chestnuts that _____ (fall) from the tree.
________ (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
She ______ (not / ride) a horse before that day.
Kevin ______ (go) home by the time I arrived.
Ethan suddenly realised that he _____ (leave) his laptop on the train.
Mum was annoyed because I ______ (not clean) my room.
_______ (they / study) English before they went to the USA?
We were hungry because we ______ (not eat).
Đáp án:
1. had built |
2. had not been |
3. had already done |
4. had made |
5. had put on |
6. had not ordered |
7. had learned |
8. had fallen |
9. had be phoned |
10. had not ridden |
11. had gone |
12. had left |
13. had not cleaned |
14. Had they studied |
15. had not eaten |
Bài 2: Khoanh tròn dạng đúng của động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành sau cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu
The robbers left/ had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived/ had arrived.
When the rain started/ had started, the Atkinsons finished/ had finished planting trees.
By the time Rebecca went/ had gone into the store, she got/ had got soaked.
Darcey saw/ had seen this castle before she came/ had come again last Sunday.
Mr.Palmer didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken any Chinese before he moved/ had moved to Peking.
Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached/ had reached the hospital.
When my mother brought/ had brought me an apple, I finished/ had finished my homework.
Mrs.Wilkinson refused/ had refused to drive the car because she had/ had had a terrible accident on the highway about a year ago.
I didn’t think/ hadn’t thought of having a new house before I saw/ had seen that ad on TV.
My uncle didn’t try/ hadn’t tried Italian food before went/ had gone to that restaurant.
Đáp án:
1. had left – arrived |
2. started – had finished |
3. went – had got |
4. had seen – came |
5. hadn’t spoken – moved |
6. had got – reached |
7. brought – had finished |
8. refused – had had |
9. hadn’t thought – saw |
10. hadn’t tried – went |
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án có ý nghĩa giống với câu gốc
1. I had already seen the film but I decided to watch it again last night.
a. I watched the film last night for the first time.
b. Last night wasn’t the first time that I had seen the film.
2. The boys were playing football while it was raining.
a. The boys were playing football until it started to rain.
b. The boys played football in the rain.
3. I was writing an email when our computer broke down.
a. Our computer broke down before I wrote an email.
b. I had started writing an email and then our computer broke down.
4. My aunt bought me a lovely gift after she had spent the summer holiday with us.
a. When the summer holiday was over, my aunt bought me a lovely gift.
b. While my aunt was spending the summer holiday with us, she bought us a lovely gift
Đáp án:
b
b
b
a
Bài 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành
After I _____________________ the letter, I _____________________ that I _____________________
the wrong address on it. (POST, REALISE, WRITE)
John asked me where I _____________________ the day before. (BE)
At this time yesterday, we ___________________________ for 6 km. (ALREADY WALK)
When I _____________________ through the streets of Madrid, I _____________________ about
the magnificent time I _____________________ there as a student. (WALK, THINK, SPEND)
It was the first time that she _____________________ me to dinner. (INVITE)
As soon as the maid _____________________ scrubbing the kitchen floor, she _______________
working in the garden. (FINISH, START)
We started to worry about Jimmy because we _____________________ him all afternoon.
(CALL)
They _____________________ their way out of town before the sun _____________________.
(ALREADY MAKE, RISE)
We _____________________ for two hours when we finally got to our hotel. (DRIVE)
When I _____________________ home, I saw that the children _______________________.
(ARRIVE, LEAVE)
Đáp án:
1. had posted – realised – had written |
2. had been |
3. had already been walking |
4. was walking – thought – had spent |
5. had invited |
6. had finished started |
7. had been calling |
8. had already made – rose |
9. had been driving |
10. arrived – had already left |
Bài 5: Hoàn thành các câu sau
When Hoa arrived at the theater, the film ____________(start).
He ____________ (live) in Laos before He went to Vietnam.
After Lan ____________ (eat) the cake, Lan began to feel sick.
If he ____________ (listen) to me, he would have got the job.
Linh didn’t arrive until I ____________ (leave).
After they ____________ (finish) lunch, they went out.
The tree was dead because it ____________ (be) arid all summer.
I ____________ (meet) him somewhere before.
They were late for the flight because they ____________ (forget) their passports.
Linh told me she ____________ (study) a lot before the exam.
The leaf was yellow because it ____________ (not/rain) all summer.
The lamp went off because I ____________ (not/pay) the electricity bill.
Hoa____________ (not/do) her homework, so she was in trouble.
She ____________ (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
I couldn’t go into the cinema because I ____________ (not/bring) my tickets.
He said that He ____________ (not/visit) the US before.
Hoa and Lan ____________ (not/meet) before the exam.
I ____________ (not/have) lunch when she arrived.
She ____________ (not/use) smartphone before, so I showed her how to use it.
Linh ____________ (not/study) for the exam, so she was very anxious.
Đáp án:
1. had started |
2. had lived |
3. had eaten |
4. had listened |
5. had left |
6. had forgotten |
7. had been |
8. had met |
9. had forgotten |
10. had studied |
11. hadn’t rained |
12. hadn’t paid |
13. hadn’t done |
14. hadn’t eaten |
15. hadn’t brought |
16. hadn’t visited |
17. hadn’t met |
18. hadn’t had |
19. hadn’t used |
20. hadn’t studied |
Bài 6: Sắp xếp các câu sau và chia động từ (nếu có)
The/ they/ get/ had/ off/ before/ of/ the/ turn/ light/ office/ out.
By/ begin/ time/ I/ my/ she/,/ had/ leave/ the/ quickly/ work.
After/ finish/ my/,/ we/ back/ father/ his/ home/ work/ come.
Before/ go/ had/ an/ novel/ my/ to/ brother/ read/ interesting/ he/ bed.
When/ her/ in/,/ he/ had/ join/ Linh/ best friend/ Bangkok/ the/ Ever/ meet.
Cuong/ this/ before/ last night/ had/ text/ he/ went/ translate/ out.
Hung/ your/ before/ meet/ had/ email/ he/ use/ you?
When/ I/ arrive/ had/ hadn’t/ my/ lunch/ parents.
They/ before/ had/ to/ the meeting/ speak/ her.
I/ that/ hadn’t/ see/ before/ was/ the man/ sure/ I.
Đáp án:
The light had turned off before they got out of the office.
By the time I began my work, she had left quickly.
After my father finished his work, we came back home.
Before my brother went to bed, he had read an interesting novel.
When Linh met her best friend in Bangkok, he had joined the Ever.
Cuong had translated this text before he went out last night.
Had Hung used your email before he met you?
When my parents arrived, I hadn’t had lunch.
They had spoken to her before the meeting.
I was sure that I hadn’t seen the man before.
Bài 7: Viết lại câu thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. David had gone home before we arrived.
=> After…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
=> Before……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
=> When…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work.
=> By the time …………………………………………………………………………….
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home.
=> Before………………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án:
After David had gone home, we arrived.
Before we took a look around the shops, we had had lunch.
When we got out of the office, the light had gone out.
By the time we started our work, she had explained everything clearly.
Before my mother came home, my father had watered all the plants in the garden.
Bài 8: Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau bằng cách chia động từ ở chỗ trống
Until a few years ago, no one 1.. ………….. (hear) of Harry Potter, the young wizard and hero of the children’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The writer, J K Rowling, 2. ………….. (already / write) several stories and books, but this was the first book that was published. She 3. …………… (get) the idea for the story of a wizard at magic school while she 4. ………. (travel) on a train to London. By the time the train 5. ……………………………… (reach) King’s Cross station, she 6. ……………………………… (invent) most of the characters. When the book was published in 1997, no one 7. ……………………………… (imagine) it would be such a tremendous success, but it quickly 8…..(become) a bestseller. While millions of young readers in many countries 9. ……… (enjoy) her first Harry Potter book, J K Rowling 10. ……………………………… (think) of ideas for the next book in this incredibly popular series.
Đáp án:
had heard
had already written
got
was travelling
reached
had invented
imagined
became
were enjoying
was thinking
III. Bài tập vận dụng Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Chọn từ gợi ý thích hợp và cho dạng đúng để hoàn thành câu
cut |
drink |
snow |
leave |
read |
make |
ride |
have |
phone |
wash |
Before they arrived…
1. My dad _____________ the grass.
2. I _____________ the car.
3. ____________ her bike?
4. The train ___________ already.
5. Sam ____________ us.
6. ________________ a lot?
7. We ____________ lunch.
8. It _____________ some water.
9. He ______________ a ghost story.
10. _____________ her bed?
Đáp án:
1. had cut 2. hadn’t washed 3. Had she ridden 4. had left 5. hadn’t phoned |
6. Had it snowed 7. hadn't had 8. had drunk 9. had read 10. Had she made |
Bài 2: Hoàn thành câu cho đúng
What had they done?
1. We (eat) a salad
2. Ann (not/ paint) the fence.
3. (your sister/ go) out?
4. She (not/ water) the plants.
5. The cat (disappear).
6. (it/ rain) that morning?
7. (I/not) close the door.
8. Why (he/ put) on a tie?
9. They (finish) their work.
10. What (he/ invent)?
Đáp án:
1. We had eaten a salad.
2. Ann hadn’t painted the fence.
3. Had your sister gone out?
4. She hadn’t watered the plants.
5. The cat had disappeared.
6. Had it rained that morning?
7. I hadn’t closed the door.
8. Why had he put on the tie?
9. They had finished their work.
10. What had he invented?
Bài 3: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. When I arrived at the cinema, the film (start).
2. She (live) in China before she went to Thailand.
3. After they (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.
4. If you (listen) to me, you would have got the job.
5. Julie didn't arrive until after I (leave).
6. When we (finish) dinner, we went out.
7. The garden was dead because it (be) dry all summer.
8. He (meet) her somewhere before.
9. We were late for the plane because we (forget) our passports.
10. She told me she (study) a lot before the exam.
11. The grass was yellow because it (not/rain) all summer.
12. The lights went off because we (not/pay) the electricity bill.
13. The children (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble.
14. They (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
15. We couldn't go into the concert because we (not/bring) our tickets.
16. She said that she (not/visit) the UK before.
17. Julie and Anne (not/meet) before the party.
18. I (not/have) breakfast when he arrived.
19. He (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it.
20. You (not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.
Đáp án:
1. had started 2. had lived 3. had eaten 4. had listened 5. had left |
6. had finished 7. had been 8. had met 9. had forgotten 10. had study |
11. hadn’t rained 12. hadn’t paid 13. hadn’t done 14. hadn’t eaten 15. hadn't brought |
16. hadn't visited 17. hadn't met 18. hadn't had 19. hadn't used 20. hadn't studied |
Bài 4: Hoàn thành câu với các từ gợi ý
1. (you/go) there before we went together?
2. (she/see) the film already?
3. Why (he/forget) about the meeting?
4. (it/be) cold all week?
5. (I/read) the book before the class?
6. When she arrived (we/eat) already?
7. Where (you/be) when I saw you?
8. (they/travel) by bullet train before?
9. (John/meet) Lucy before they worked together?
10. (you/do) your homework before I saw you?
11. Where (she/work)?
12. (I/pay) the bill before we left?
13. (we/visit) my parents already that winter?
14. When you called, (they/eat) dinner?
15. How (he/manage) to fix the cooker?
16. (my sister/be) sick for a long time?
17. How much (she/study) before the exam?
18. What (you/cook) for dinner that night?
19. When (they/arrive)?
20. How many coffees (she/drink) before the interview?
Đáp án:
1. Had you gone 2. Had she seen 3. had he forgotten 4. Had it been 5. Had I read 6. had we eaten 7. had you been |
8. Had they traveled 9. Had John met 10. Had you done 11. had she worked 12. Had I paid 13. Had we visited 14. had they eaten |
15. had he managed 16. Had my sister been 17. had she studied 18. had you cooked 19. had they arrived 20. had she drunk |
Bài 5: Hoàn thành câu
1. _______________ before you came? (Mary / arrive)
2. _______________ your homework before you left for your training session? (you / do)
3. _______________ the rules by the time they needed to take their test? (the students / understand)
4. _______________ you his laptop by the time he went to bed? (your friend / give)
5. _______________ the cat before she started to cook dinner? (Lisa / feed)
6. _______________ you how to do that exercise before you actually started doing it? (your teacher / show)
7. _______________ that car right before we went on vacation last summer? (you / buy)
8. _______________ the floor before he mopped it? (Peter / sweep)
9. _______________ before you went home from the party? (the rain / start)
10. _______________ bored before the end of the film? (Matthew / get)
11. _______________ her room by the time the guests arrived? (Susan / decorate)
12. _______________ three gold medals in gymnastics before he became a well-known dancer? (Edward / win)
13. _______________ to bed before her parents came back home from work? (Veronica / go)
14. _______________ her report before the end of the second term? (Joanna / make)
15. _______________ to take up karate before she sprained her ankle? (Clair / decide)
Đáp án:
1. Had Mary arrived 2. Had you done 3. Had the students understood 4. Had your friend given 5. Had Lisa fed 6. Had your teacher shown 7. Had you bought 8. Had Peter swept |
9. Had the rain started 10. Had Matthew got 11. Had Susan decorated 12. Had Edward won 13. Had Veronica gone 14. Had Joanna made 15. Had Clair decided |
Bài 6: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. By the time we ____, everyone had left.
A. arrived B. had arrived
2. I _____ a long time ago.
A. finished B. had finished C. Either could be used here.
3. By that time, everybody ____ exhausted.
A. was B. had been C. Either could be used here.
4. She told me she ____ it ages ago.
A. did B. had done C. Either could be used here.
5. I ____ of it until you mentioned it.
A. didn't hear B. hadn't heard
6. I ____ enough time to finish the exam.
A. didn't have B. hadn't had C. Either could be used here.
7. If I ____, I'd have helped.
A. knew B. had known C. Either could be used here.
8. if I ____, I'd tell you.
A. knew B. had known C. Either could be used here.
9. No sooner ____ than I realized what was going on.
A. did I arrive B. had I arrived C. Either could be used here.
10. Until last month, I _____ it before.
A. didn't try B. hadn't tried
Đáp án:
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B |
6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B |
Bài 7: Hoàn thành câu bằng cách cho dạng đúng của động từ
1. After they (see) the Tower, they (go) to Westminster Abbey.
2. He (ask) me which animals I (see) in Africa.
3. After Columbus (discover) America, he (return) to Spain.
4. Before they (move) to Liverpool, they (sell) everything.
5. After he (work) very hard, he (fall) ill.
6. She (open) the box after she (find) the key.
7. They (go) to a restaurant after they (sail).
8. Before they (start) the party, they (invite) some friends.
9. After she (wash) the curtains, she (clean) the windows.
10. They (go) for a sightseeing tour after the bus (arrive).
11. Before he (mow) the lawn, he (pick) some roses.
12. After he (finish) school, he (work) for a magazine.
13. They (drink) a cup of tea after they (finish) lunch.
14. He (ask) me for her telephone number before he (phone) her.
15. My sister (eat) all the chocolate before my parents (come) home.
Đáp án:
1. had seen - went 2. asked - had seen 3. had discovered - returned 4. moved - had sold 5. had worked - fell 6. opened - had found 7. went - had sailed 8. stared - had invited |
9. had washed - cleaned 10. went - had arrived 11. mowed - had picked 12. had finished - worked 13. drank - had finished 14. had asked - phoned 15. had eaten - came |
Bài 8: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. We ________ finished eating dinner.
A. had not B. not had C. 'd had not
2. Had they _____ to her before?
A. spoke B. spoken C. spoked
3. You _____ not left yet.
A. would B. 'd C. would had
4. I had never _____ her before.
A. see B. saw C. seen
5. We arrived at 8:05, but the train _____ already left.
A. has B. have C. had
6. Sarah thought she ________ to that zoo before.
A. has been B. had be C. had been
7. Nobody explained why the project had ________ on time.
A. n't been completed B. not completed C. n't complete
8. He _____ us the item had been shipped.
A. told B. say C. asked
9. Dad explained ________ his job due to stress.
A. why he quitted B. that he had quit C. that he'd quite
10. Where _____ the security guard gone?
A. had B. have C. did
11. I couldn’t see the teacher because he ____________ before I arrived the school.
A. had left B. has left C. left D. was leaving
12. He was very tired because he ____________ the bags upstairs.
A. have carried B. had carried C. carried D. has carried
13. I was starving when I arrived home. I ____________ anything for two days.
A. didn’t eat B. wasn’t eaten C. hadn’t eaten D. haven’t eaten
14. He asked me to give his book back but I ____________ it.
A. have lost B. had lost C. was lost D. lost
15. The boy knocked the door. There was nobody inside. His mother ____________ yet.
A. hasn’t returned B. haven’t returned
C. hadn’t returned D. didn’t return
16. The sun was shining and the birds were singing when she got out. What a lovely day, she said to herself. She looked at her car but it was not there. Somebody ____________ it.
A. has stolen B. have stolen C. had stolen D. stole
17. She answered all of the questions in the exam because she ____________ very well.
A. was studied B. had studied
C. has been studied D. have studied
18. It was sunny but very cold. The snow ____________ yet.
A. hadn’t completely melted B. hasn’t completely melted
C. haven’t completely melted D. wasn’t completely melted
19. Clara looked out the window. The pavement was wet. It ____________ at night.
A. has rained B. have been rained
C. have rained D. had rained
20. He couldn’t believe his eyes! His father _____________ him a new laptop as a birthday gift.
A. bought B. has bought C. had bought D. was bought
21. I was very late. When I arrived, the conference _____.
A. was already starting B. started C. had already started
22. When he heard the police knocking on the door, he ____ under the bed.
A. hid B. had hidden C. was hiding
23. The police arrested him because he _____ a gun.
A. carried B. was carrying C. had carried
24. When they arrived at the police station, he said that he _____ anything wrong.
A. didn't do B. wasn't doing C. hadn't done
25. When he said that he loved me, I knew that he _____.
A. lied B. was lying C. had lied
26. I looked at him and I knew he _____ in a fight, because he had a black eye.
A. was B. was being C. had been
27. He pulled out a gun and everybody _____ away.
A. ran B. was running C. had run
28. When I was a child, we _____ anywhere at weekends; it was boring.
A. never went B. were never going C. had never gone
29. When he retired he _____ in the company for more than 50 years.
A. was B. was being C. had been
30. I _____ to the road and we crashed.
A. didn't pay attention B. wasn't paying attention C. hadn't paid attention
Đáp án:
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C |
6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. A |
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C |
16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C |
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B |
26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B |