Tailieumoi.vn xin giới thiệu bài tập  Tiếng Anh lớp 12 mới Unit 5: Cultural identity có đáp án, lời giải chi tiết, chọn lọc. Tài liệu có nội dung bám sát chương trình sgk Tiếng Anh 12 chương trình thí điểm. Hi vọng với bộ tài liệu Tiếng Anh 12 mới có đáp án này sẽ giúp bạn ôn luyện kiến thức để đạt kết quả cao trong bài thi môn Tiếng Anh 12 sắp tới.

Bài tập Tiếng Anh 12 Unit 5: Cultural identity

 

A. PHONETICS 

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. housework

B. vision

C. hospital

D. classroom

2. A. diversity

B. remind

C. unite

D. attire 

3. A. burden

B. curtain

C. turtle

D. curriculum 

4. A. unity

B. martial

C. practice

D. spirit

5. A. responsive

B. content

C. sector

D. sense

6. A. benefit

B. narrow-minded

C. application

D. non-profit

7. A. costume

B. custom

C. culture

D. buff

8. A. evaluation

B. facilitator

C. guidance

D. female 

Đáp án:

1.B	2.A	3.D	4.B
5.A	6.B	7.A	8.C

II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

1. A. pressure

B. whiteboard

C. diverse

D. present (n)

2. A. drastically

B. distinction

C. enjoyable

D. dependent

3. A. identifier

B. multicultural

C. agricultural

D. international

4. A. notification

B. association

C. competition

D. participation

5. A. demolish

B. syllabus

C. industrial

D. commercial

6. A. achievement

B. encourage

C. integrate

D. tradition

7. A. computer

B. socialize

C. diversity

D. facility

Đáp án:

1.C	2.A	3.A	4.C
5.B	6.C	7.B

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 

I. Put the verb into the present continuous. (I am -ing) or present perfect continuous (I have been -ing)

1. ____________________________ (Maria/ learn) English for two years.

2. Hello, Tom ________________ (I/ look) for you. Where have you been? 

3. Why ___________________ (you/look) at me like that? Stop it! 

4. Linda is a teacher, _________________________ (she/ teach) for ten years.

5. _________ (I/ think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice.

6. 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No, _____________________’ (he/ work?) 

7. Sarah is very tired ________________ (she/ work) very hard recently. 

Đáp án:

1. Maria has been learning (Maria/ learn) English for two years.

2. Hello, Tom ___I’ve been looking___ (I/ look) for you. Where have you been? 

3. Why ______are you looking______ (you/look) at me like that? Stop it! 

4. Linda is a teacher, ____she has been teaching_____ (she/ teach) for ten years.

5. _____I’ve been thinking_____ (I/ think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice.

6. 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No, ____he’s working_____’ (he/ work?) 

7. Sarah is very tired ____she’s been working______ (she/ work) very hard recently. 

II. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank.

1. My sister works hard to ____________________ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. Maintainance

2. A nation's culture resides in the ____________________ and in the soul of its people. (Mahatma Gandhi) Heart

3. A people without the ____________________ of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. (Marcus garvey) Know

4. Many of the different ____________________ groups in North America speak their own unique language. Aborigin

5. Jane had to ____________________ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job. Assimilation

6. The orchid family of flowers is the largest is the largest, most ____________________ plant family found in nature. Diversity

7. Vietnamese ____________________ of weddings, funerals, holidays and rituals all are attached to village community. Customery

8. The ways a person dresses and behaves in public are distinct examples of ____________________ diversity and belief patterns. Culture

Đáp án:

1. maintain	2. hearts	3. knowledge	4. aboriginal
5. assimilate	6. diverse	7. customs	8. cultural

III. Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets.

1. I (know) ______________________ him all my life. 

2. They (live) ______________________ in that house for two years. 

3. My brother (write) ______________________ three books. 

4. She (not break) ______________________ her leg yet. 

5. She (already break) ______________________ her arm. 

6. I (see) ______________________ an elephant several times. 

7. She (have) ______________________ that dress for ten years. 

8. We (be) ______________________ here for hours! 

9. The children (not finish) ______________________ their homework yet. 

10. You (ever be) ______________________ to the zoo?

11. I (read) ________________ that novel by Hemingway several times before.

12. How long you (learn) ______________________ English?

13. We (study) ______________________ almost every lesson in this book so far.

14. I never (eat) ______________________ snake meat. 

15. Oh no! Someone (steal) ______________________ my bag.

Đáp án:

1. I (know) ___have known____ him all my life. 

2. They (live) ____have been living_____ in that house for two years. 

3. My brother (write) ____has written_____ three books. 

4. She (not break) ____hasn’t broken___ her leg yet. 

5. She (already break) ___has already broken___ her arm. 

6. I (see) _____have seen______ an elephant several times. 

7. She (have) _____has had_____ that dress for ten years. 

8. We (be) ____have been_____ here for hours! 

9. The children (not finish) ____haven’t finished____ their homework yet. 

10. You (ever be) _____have you ever been__ to the zoo?

11. I (read) ____have read______ that novel by Hemingway several times before.

12. How long you (learn) ____have you been learning____ English?

13. We (study) _____have studied______ almost every lesson in this book so far.

14. I never (eat) _____have never eaten_____ snake meat. 

15. Oh no! Someone (steal) ____has stolen_____ my bag.

IV. Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1. It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It ­­­­­­­­_______________ for two hours.

2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 20 minutes. We __________ for 20 minutes.

3. I'm learning Spanish. I started classes in December. I ________ since December.

4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. She ______________ since 18 January.

5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago. They __________ for years. 

Đáp án:

1. It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It ­­­­­­­­____has been raining___ for two hours.

2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 20 minutes. We ___have been waiting__ for 20 minutes.

3. I'm learning Spanish. I started classes in December. I ___have been learning Spanish ____ since December.

4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. She ___has been working there___ since 18 January.

5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago. They ___have been going there___ for years. 

V. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and + comparative with the word in blackets.

1. The warmer the weather, the __________________________ I liked him.

2. The more you practice your English, the _______________ you will learn.

3. The longer he waited, the ______________________ impatient he became.

4. The ________________ electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

5. The more expensive the hotel, the __________________________ the service.

6. The more I got to know him, the __________________________ I liked him.

7. The more you have, the ___________________________ you want. 

Đáp án:

1. The warmer the weather, the _______more________ I liked him.

2. The more you practice your English, the ____ more ____ you will learn.

3. The longer he waited, the _________ more _______ impatient he became.

4. The ____ more ______ electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

5. The more expensive the hotel, the _______better________ the service.

6. The more I got to know him, the ______ more _______ I liked him.

7. The more you have, the __________ more _________ you want. 

VI. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in brackets.

1. Once upon a time there were three little pigs who wanted to see the world. When they left home, their mum gave them some advice: whatever you do, do it the (good) _____________________ you can.

2. So the three pigs wandered through the world and were the (happy) ________ pigs you've ever seen.

3. They were playing (funny) ______________ games all summer long, but then came autumn and each pig wanted to build a house.

4. The first pig was not only the (small) __________ but also the (lazy) _______ of the pigs.

5. He (quick) __________________ built a house out of straw.

6. The second pig made his house out of wood which was a bit (difficult) ____________ than building a straw house.

7. The third pig followed his mum's advice and built a strong house out of bricks, which was the (difficult) _____________ house to build.

8. The pig worked very (hard) ______, but finally got his house ready before winter.

9. During the cold winter months, the three little pigs lived (extreme) _____ (good) ____________ in their houses. 

10. They (regular) _____________ visited one another and had the (wonderful) ___________ time of their lives. 

Đáp án:

1. best	6. more difficult
2. happiest	7. most difficult
3. funny	8. hard
4. smallest; laziest	9. extremely; well
5. quickly	10. regularly; most wonderful

VII. Combine the sentences, using DOUBLE COMPARATIVE

1. She studies hard, she will get good grades. 

The ……………………………………………………………………….

2. You rest much, you will feel better. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

3. The weather is warmer, I feel better. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

4. We leave early, we will arrive soon. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

5. We have much knowledge, we become wise. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

6. You are young, you learn easily. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

7. The hotel is expensive, the services are good. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

8. You use much electricity, your bill will be high. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

9. I thought about the plan, I like it little. 

The ……………………………………………………………………….

10. He is old, he learns slowly. 

The ……………………………………………………………………….

11. She eats much, she will become fat. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

12. She is older, she becomes more beautiful. 

The ………………………………………………………………………

13. You have much, you want more. 

The ………………………………………………………………………..

14. I waited long. I got angry. 

The ………………………………………………………………………..

15. I live far. I feel homesick.

The ……………………………………………………………………….

Đáp án:

1.The harder she studies, the better grades she will get.

2. The more you rest, the better you will feel.

3. The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.

4. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.

5. The more knowledge we have, the wiser we become.

6. The younger you are, the more easily you learn.

7. The more expensive the hotel is, the better the services are.

8. The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

9. The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it.

10. The older he is, the more slowly he learns.

11. The more she eats, the fatter she will become.

12. The older she is, the more beautiful she becomes.

13. The more you have, the more you want.

14. The longer I waited, the angrier I got.

15. The farther I live, the more homesick I feel.

VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change.

A. less                    B. fewer

C. tiny                    D. small

2. We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being.

A. lively                 B. frequented

C. accessible           D. revealed

3. Match the word in A with its appropriate definition in B. 

A. indirect              B. illegal

C. improper            D. unreal

4. What program do you dislike watching and why not?

A. fancy                 B. think

C. imagine             D. want 

5. What are the differences among types of the media?

A. peace                 B. sameness

C. likes                  D. need 

6. Heavy rain causes floods all over the country.

A. light                   B. thin

C. tiny                    D. trivial 

7. Television can make us passive. 

A. obtrusive           B. enterprising

C. energetic           D. strong

8. It is an enjoyable way to relax.

A. incorrect            B. improper

C. hateful                D. unpleasant 

9. We don't have to think so our brain becomes lazy.

A. quick                 B. diligent

C. hard                   D. good 

10. The council demolished it. 

A. made                 B. did

C. started               D. construct 

Đáp án:

1.A	2.D	3.C	4.A	5.B
6.A	7.C	8. D	9.B	10.D

IX. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. The President escaped through a secret passage underneath the parliament building.

A. answer               B. hidden

C. confidence         D. basis

2. Which channel do you recommend to someone who likes animals? 

A. suggest              B. tell

C. speak                 D. talk

3. Documentary is a film or a radio or television program giving facts about something.

A. things                B. numbers

C. truth                  D. news 

4. What types of the media are the most and the least important to you? 

A. successful          B. significant

C. Wonderful          D attractive 

5. Listen to the two radio news stories and check the right column under News story 1 and News story 2. 

A. honest                B. honorable

C. good                  D. precise

6. Television can make things more memorable because it presents information in a more effective way. 

A. clever                B. expensive

C. successful          D. pretty 

7. Some television programs may make people violent.

A. rapid                  B. insane

C. extreme             D. good

8. Television also interferes with family life and communication.

A. conflicts            B. comes

C. goes                   D. chats 

9. I'm afraid you've made a mistake.

A. wrongness         B. error

C. badness             D. ugliness

10. It makes us aware of our global responsibilities. 

A. national             B. worldly

C. universal           D. overall 

X. Choose the best answer.

1. As she did so, her parents became ____.

A. the angriest

B. the most angry 

C. the more angry

D. angrier and angrier 

2. People should eat ____ and do ____ to reduce the risk of heart disease.

A. less fat/more exercise

B. less and less fat/the more exercise

C. the less fat/the more exercise

D. fatter/more exercise

3. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ____ the food is, ____ he likes it.

A. The hotter/the more and more

B. The hotter/the more 

C. The more and more hot/the more

D. The hottest/the most

4. It gets ____ to understand what the professor has explained.

A. most difficult

B. mostly difficult 

C. the most difficult

D. more and more difficult

5. Increasing your vocabulary will make it easier for you to ____ reading comprehension skills. 

A. fit                      B. allow

C. use                     D. assimilate 

6. Of course you can come to the party. ____.

A. The more the merrier

B. The more and the merrier 

C. The more and merrier

D. The more and more merrier 

7. I feel ____ I did yesterday.

A. much more tired than

B. many more tired than    

C. as many tired as

D. as more tired as 

8 Cultural identity must be ____ and locals should be encouraged to continue their traditions in the wake of tourism.

A. protected           B. insured

C. assured              D. confirmed 

9. I can't believe that you ____ all the three exercises. You just started five minutes ago. 

A. have finished

B. have been finishing

C. finished

D. are finishing 

10. She is ____ a spectator.

A. more an athlete than

B. more of an athlete than 

C. an athlete more than

D. an athlete of more than 

11. His house is ____ mine. 

A. twice as big as

B. as twice big as  

C. as two times big as

D. as big as twice 

12. ____ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country. 

A. As much as people

B. More people     

C. As many as people

D. People more

13. Touring the small villages of Vietnam by bicycle was a(n) ____ experience.

A. existing             B. general

C. particular           D. unique

14. We spend a lot of time together as a family, which sometimes is the best way to learn about ____.

A. customs

B. habits

C. activities

D. establishment 

15. It gets ____ to understand what the professor has explained. 

A. the more difficult

B. more difficult than 

C. difficult more and more

D. more and more difficult

16. You must drive slower in built up areas. ____ you drive in the city, it is ____ that you will have an accident.

A. The faster and faster/the more

B. The faster/the more probable

C. The more and more fast/the more and more probable 

D. The more fastly/the probable

17. The party was ____ I had expected 

A. more a hundred times funny than

B. a hundred times funny more than

C. a hundred times funnier than

D. a hundred times more funny than 

18. He finds physics ____ other science subjects.

A. far more difficult than

B. many more difficult than 

C. too much more difficult than

D. more much difficult than 

19. Combining physical activity with a healthy diet is the best way to a ____ healthy body weight 

A. provide              B. support

C. maintain            D. express 

20. Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both ____ and unity. 

A. difference          B. variety

C. similarity           D. diversity 

21. ____ he drank, ____ he became. 

A. More/more violent

B. The most/the most violent 

C. The more/the more violent

D. The less/less violent

22. Mary was ____ of the two sisters.

A. the clever          B. as clever as

C. the cleverer       D. the cleverest

23. Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we ____ what is proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture.

A. express              B. evaluate

C. calculate           D. signal

24. In some parts of the country, prices are ____ than in others. 

A. high

B. more and more high   

C. the highest

D. higher and higher 

25. French is a ____ language to learn than English is. 

A. difficult

B. more difficult   

C. most difficult

D. more and more difficult 

Đáp án:

1.D	2.A	3.B	4.D	5.D
6.A	7.A	8.A	9.A	10.B
11.A	12.B	13.D	14.A	15.D
16.B	17.C	18.A	19.C	20.D
21.C	22.C	23.B	24.D	25.B

C. READING 

I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in (1) ____ culture.

Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to (2) ____ country, they often want to learn more about that country's traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture (3) ____. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be (4) ____, concerts, plays, or something else.

Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to (5) ____ that culture as well.

However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates "fake traditional culture". This means that the local people wear traditional (6) ____, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar (7) ____ the tourists lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. 

Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people's lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an (8) ____ temple every day, they may damage that temple.

No matter (9) ____, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be (10) ____ for traditional cultures.

1. A. ideal

B. traditional

C. regular

D. new 

2. A. other

B. others

C. one

D. another 

3. A. alive

B. clean

C. beautiful

D. luxury 

4. A. dances

B. foundations

C. establishment

D. fact 

5. A. work

B. train

C. protect

D. prevent 

6. A. shows

B. costumes

C. acts                   

D. symbolizes 

7. A. with

B. for

C. by

D. to

8. A. ancient 

B. attractive

C. impressive

D. famous 

9. A. what

B. how

C. that

D. when 

10. A. big

B. large

C. great

D. nice 

Đáp án:

1.B	2.D	3.A	4.A	5.C
6.B	7.D	8.A	9.A	10.C

 II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. 

encountered; foundation; influence; code; belief;

practising; principles; represents; embrace; Traditions 

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) ________ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _________ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _________ systems.

Some people claim that a person's cultural identity is the (4) ______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one's culture often means (5) ________ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _________ their culture. It creates an outward visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. 

The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) ___________ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) ___________ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years. 

Đáp án: 

1. principles	2. embrace	3. belief	4. foundation	5. practising
6. represents	7. encountered	8. influence	9. code	10. traditions

D. WRITING

I. Use double comparative to complete these following sentences.

1. They are big, they fall fast.

The ………………………………………………………………………….

2. It is hot, I feel miserable.

The ………………………………………………………………………….

3. I look into your eyes much, I love you much.

The …………………………………………………………………………

4. He got old, he became bad-tempered.

The …………………………………………………………………………

5. He worked hard. He felt very bad.

The …………………………………………………………………………

6. When we think of the exam, we get more and more excited.

The …………………………………………………………………………

7. As this road gets busier, it becomes more and more dangerous.

The …………………………………………………………………………

8. When you get near to the Equator, the temperature becomes high.

The …………………………………………………………………………

9. If she stays in England a long time, her English will be very good.

The …………………………………………………………………………

10. You write fast, your writing becomes illegible.

The …………………………………………………………………………

Đáp án:

1. The bigger they are, the faster they fall.

2. The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.

3. The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you.

4. The older he got, the more bad-tempered he became.

5. The harder he worked, the worse he felt.

6.The more we think of the exam, the more excited we get.

7. The busier this road gets, the more dangerous it becomes.

8. The nearer you get to the Equator, the higher the temperature becomes.

9. The longer she stays in England, the better her English will be.

10. The faster you write, the more illegible your writing becomes.

II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. "Have you turned off the faucet before going out yet?" his mother asked.

His mother asked …………………………………………………………..

2. Jenny is proud of having solved the difficult maths problem.

Jenny prides ……………………………………………………………….

3. Mary didn't realize the seriousness of the ongoing chaos in her family.

Little ………………………………………………………………………

4. I was just too rigid to show him my true feelings, and it did hurt badly. 

So rigid ……………………………………………………………………

5. There is no point in asking that coward to fix his wife, he daren't even look at her when talking to her.

It ………………………………………………………………………….

6 I'm sure it wasn't Mrs. Clarence that you saw at the park last night as she's been away for the vacation since last week. 

It can't …………………………………………………………………….

7. The strong wind blowing all night swept away everything lighter than a table out of its way. 

Everything …………………………………………………………………

8. Print off this document for me right now, I'll need it in a few minutes." said the boss to his secretary. 

The boss ordered ………………………………………………………….

Đáp án:

1. His mother asked him whether/ if he had turned off the faucet before going out.

2. Jenny prides (herself) on having solved the difficult maths problem.

3. Little did Mary realize about t?he seriousness of the ongoing chaos in her family.

4.So rigid was I that I couldn’t s.how him my true feelings, and it did hurt badly. 

5. It’s no good asking that coward to fix his wife, he daren't even look at her when talking to her.

6. It can't have been Mrs. Clarence that you saw at the park last night as she's been away for the vacation since last week. 

7. Everything lighter than a table was swept away by the strong wind blowing all night out of its way. 

8. The boss ordered his secretary to print off the document for him right then as he would need it in a few minutes.

III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. "Could I help you with the washing up?" Sophia said to her boyfriend. 

Sophia offered ………………………………………………………………..

2. "I won't ever go and live in that haunted house with him." said Lana. 

Lana refused …………………………………………………………………

3. "I'll give the crazy dog back to you the moment your hand touches my door knob." said Haley to her teenage neighbor.

Haley promised ………………………………………………………………

4. "Don't let the child stay near the water, she might drown." Janet told me. 

Janet warned …………………………………………………………………

5. "Please don't ever let go of my hand." said the little girl to her cute boyfriend. 

The little girl begged …………………………………………………………

6. His optimism in his illness went beyond his family's expectation. 

Never …………………………………………………………………………

7. "Where did you go last night? I was looking for you." said Lan to Nam. 

Lan asked …………………………………………………………………….

8. The fire is believed to have been caused by an accidental crash. 

People believe ………………………………………………………………..

Đáp án:

1. Sophia offered to help her boyfriend with the washing up.

2. Lana refused to go and live in that/ the haunted house with him.

3. Haley promised her teenage neighbor to give the crazy dog back to her/ him the moment her/ his hand touched her door knob.

4. Janet warned me not to let the child stay near the water as she might drown.

5. The little girl begged her cute boyfriend to not ever let go of her hand.

6. Never had his family expected he was so optimism in his illness/ such optimism in his illness.

7. Lan asked Nam where he had gone the night before and that she had been looking for him.

8. People believe that the fire was caused by an accidental crash.

Xem thêm Bài tập Tiếng anh lớp 12 chương trình thí điểm hay, chi tiết khác:

Bài tập Unit 4: The mass media

Bài tập Unit 5: Cultural identity

Bài tập Unit 6: Endangered species

Bài tập Unit 7: Artificial intelligence

Bài tập Unit 8: The world of work