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Top 1000 câu hỏi thường gặp môn Tiếng Anh (Phần 8)

Câu 46: Read the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1626, Peter Minuit, governor of the Dutch settlements in North America known as New Amsterdam, negotiated with Canarsee chiefs for the purchase of Manhattan Island for merchandise valued at sixty guilders or about $24.12. He purchased the island for the Dutch West India Company.

The next year, Fort Amsterdam was built by the company at the extreme southern tip of the island. Because attempts to encourage Dutch immigration were not immediately successful, offers, generous by the standards of the era, were extended throughout Europe. Consequently, the settlement became the most heterogeneous of the North American colonies. By 1637, the fort had expanded into the village of New Amsterdam, other small communities had grown up around it, including New Haarlem and Stuyvesant's Bouwery, and New Amsterdam began to prosper, developing characteristics of religious and linguistic tolerance unusual for the times. By 1643, it was reported that eighteen different languages could be heard in New Amsterdam alone.

Among the multilingual settlers was a large group of English colonists from Connecticut and Massachusetts who supported the English King's claim to all of New Netherlands set out in a charter that gave the territory to his brother James, Duke of New York. In 1664, when the English sent a formidable fleet of warships into the New Amsterdam harbor, Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered without resistance.

When the English acquired the island, the village of New Amsterdam was renamed New York in honor of the Duke. By the onset of the Revolution, New York City was already a bustling commercial center. After the war, it was selected as the first capital of the United States. Although the government was eventually moved, first to Philadelphia and then to Washington, D.C., New York has remained the unofficial commercial capital. During the 1690s, New York became a haven for pirates who conspired with leading merchants to exchange supplies for their ships in return for a share in the plunder. As a colony, New York exchanged many agricultural products for English manufactured goods. In addition, trade with the West Indies prospered. Three centuries after his initial trade with the Indians, Minuit's tiny investment was worth more than seven billion dollars.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. A History of New York City

B. An Account of the Dutch Colonies

C. A Biography of Peter Minuit

D. The First Capital of the United States

2. What did the Indians receive in exchange for their island?

A. Sixty Dutch guilders

B. $24.12 U. S.

C. Goods and supplies

D. Land in New Amsterdam

3. Where was New Amsterdam located?

A. In Holland

B. In North America

C. On the island of Manhattan

D. In India

4. The word "heterogeneous" in line 7 could best be replaced by?

A. liberal

B. renowned

C. diverse

D. prosperous

5. Why were so many languages spoken in New Amsterdam?

A. The Dutch West India Company was owned by England

B. The Dutch West India Company allowed freedom of speech

C. The Dutch West India Company recruited settlers from many different countries in Europe

D. The Indians who lived there before the Dutch West India Company purchase spoke many languages

6. The word "formidable" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to?

A. powerful

B. modern

C. expensive

D. unexpected

7. The name of New Amsterdam was changed

A. to avoid a war with England

B. to honor the Duke of York

C. to attract more English colonists from Connecticut and Massachusetts

D. to encourage trade during the 1690s

8. The word it in paragraph 4 refers to?

A. Revolution

B. New York City

C. the island

D. the first capital

9. Which city was the first capital of the new United States?

A. New Amsterdam

B. New York

C. Philadelphia

D. Washington

10. On what date was Manhattan valued at $7 billion?

A. 1626

B. 1726

C. 1656

D. 1926

Lời giải:

Đáp án:

Giải thích: 

1. Tiêu đề phù hợp nhất là: Lịch sử của thành phố New York.

2. Thông tin: During the 1690s, New York became a haven for pirates who conspired with leading merchants to exchange supplies for their ships in return for a share in the plunder. As a colony, New York exchanged many agricultural products for English manufactured goods. (Trong những năm 1690, New York trở thành nơi ẩn náu của những tên cướp biển âm mưu với các thương nhân hàng đầu trao đổi nguồn cung cấp cho tàu của họ để đổi lấy một phần trong vụ cướp bóc. Là một thuộc địa, New York đã trao đổi nhiều sản phẩm nông nghiệp để lấy hàng hóa sản xuất của Anh.)

3. Thông tin: Consequently, the settlement became the most heterogeneous of the North American colonies. (Do đó, khu định cư trở thành nơi hỗn tạp nhất trong số các thuộc địa Bắc Mỹ.)

4. heterogeneous = diverse (không đồng nhất)

5. Thông tin: By 1637, the fort had expanded into the village of New Amsterdam, other small communities had grown up around it, including New Haarlem and Stuyvesant's Bouwery, and New Amsterdam began to prosper, developing characteristics of religious and linguistic tolerance unusual for the times. (Đến năm 1637, pháo đài đã mở rộng sang làng New Amsterdam, các cộng đồng nhỏ khác đã lớn lên xung quanh nó, bao gồm New Haarlem và Stuyvesant's Bouwery, và New Amsterdam bắt đầu thịnh vượng, phát triển các đặc điểm khoan dung tôn giáo và ngôn ngữ khác thường vào thời đó.)

6. formidable = powerful (dữ dội)

7. Thông tin: When the English acquired the island, the village of New Amsterdam was renamed New York in honor of the Duke. (Khi người Anh chiếm được hòn đảo, ngôi làng New Amsterdam được đổi tên thành New York để vinh danh Công tước.)

8. Thông tin: By the onset of the Revolution, New York City was already a bustling commercial center. After the war, it was selected as the first capital of the United States. (Khi Cách mạng bắt đầu, Thành phố New York đã là một trung tâm thương mại sầm uất. Sau chiến tranh, nó được chọn là thủ đô đầu tiên của Hoa Kỳ.)

9. Thông tin: By the onset of the Revolution, New York City was already a bustling commercial center. After the war, it was selected as the first capital of the United States. (Khi Cách mạng bắt đầu, Thành phố New York đã là một trung tâm thương mại sầm uất. Sau chiến tranh, nó được chọn là thủ đô đầu tiên của Hoa Kỳ.)

10. Thông tin: Three centuries after his initial trade with the Indians, Minuit's tiny investment was worth more than seven billion dollars. (Ba thế kỷ sau lần giao dịch đầu tiên với người da đỏ, khoản đầu tư nhỏ bé của Minuit trị giá hơn bảy tỷ đô la.)