Tailieumoi.vn xin giới thiệu đến các quý thầy cô, các em học sinh đang trong quá trình ôn tập tài liệu 50 Bài tập Câu bị động lớp 10 có lời giải chi tiết, tài liệu bao gồm có định nghĩa, công thức và các dạng bài tập, giúp các em học sinh có thêm tài liệu tham khảo trong quá trình ôn tập, củng cố kiến thức và chuẩn bị cho kì thi môn Tiếng anh sắp tới. Chúc các em học sinh ôn tập thật hiệu quả và đạt được kết quả như mong đợi.

50 Bài tập Câu bị động lớp 10 có lời giải chi tiết

1. Lý thuyết

1.1. Định nghĩa:

Câu bị động là loại câu được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào bản thân một hành động, chủ thể thực hiện hành động hay tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là ai hay vật gì đó không quá quan trọng.

1.2. Điều kiện:

Điều kiện để có thể biến đổi một câu từ chủ động sang câu bị động là động từ trong câu chủ động phải là ngoại động từ (Transitive Verb). 

a. Ngoại động từ (Transitive Verb) là gì? 

Ngoại động từ diễn tả hành động tác động trực tiếp lên người hoặc vật, nó luôn được theo sau bởi một tân ngữ. Nếu thiếu tân ngữ, câu sẽ không hoàn chỉnh. 

Eg: 

- He bought a bunch of flowers. (Anh ta mua một bó hoa hồng.) 

→ Ngoại động từ luôn cần thêm yếu tố bên ngoài là một danh từ hay đại từ theo sau để hoàn tất nghĩa của câu. Trong câu trên, chúng ta không thể nói "He bought” rồi ngừng lại. Danh từ đi theo ngay sau ngoại động từ được gọi là tân ngữ.

b. Nội động từ (Intransitive Verb) là gì? 

Nội động từ là động từ mà bản thân nó đã nói rõ ý nghĩa trong câu, không cần phải tác động lên một người hay một vật. Nội động từ không cần có tân ngữ trực tiếp đi kèm theo. Nếu có tân ngữ thì phải có giới từ đi trước; tân ngữ này được gọi là tân ngữ của giới từ (prepositional object), không phải là tân ngữ trực tiếp. 

Eg: 

- He has just left. (Anh ta vừa đi rồi.) 

- We were at home last night. (Chúng tôi ở nhà tối qua.)

2. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

2.1. Quy tắc

Để chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, cần nắm chắc các bước chuyển sau:

- Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động (tân ngữ đứng sau động từ chính của câu).

- Bước 2: Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động.

- Bước 3: Động từ ở câu bị động chia giống thì với động từ ở câu chủ động, theo công thức (BE + VP2).

- Bước 4: Đặt "by" trước chủ ngữ của câu chủ động rồi đặt chúng xuống cuối câu bị động hoặc trước trạng từ thời gian.

* Lưu ý:

- Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, ... thì được bỏ đi trong câu bị động.

- Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: I, you, we, they, he, she thì có thể bỏ đi trong câu bị động nếu ta không muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động.

- Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng "by" nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng "with".

Eg:

+ The bird was shot by the hunter. (Con chim bị bắn bởi người thợ săn.)

+ The bird was shot with a gun. (Con chim bị bắn bởi một khẩu súng.)

- Các trạng từ chỉ cách thức thường được đặt trước động từ ở dạng phân từ hai (Vp2) trong câu bị động

Eg:

+ The town has been totally destroyed after the storm. (Thị trấn đã bị phá hủy hoàn toàn sau trận bão.)

2.2. Bảng công thức bị động của các thì:

TENSES	ACTIVE VOICES	PASSIVE VOICES
1. Present simple tense (hiện tại đơn)	S + V(n/d)/ V(s/es)	S + am/is/are + Vp2
Ví dụ	Minh watches films in the evening.	Films are watched in the evening by Minh.
2. Past simple tense (quá khứ đơn)	S + Ved/Vp2	S + was/were + Vp2
Ví dụ	An unknown man attacked me last night.	I was attacked by an unknown man last night.
3. Present continuous tense (hiện tại tiếp diễn)	S + am/is/are + V-ing	S + am/is/are + being + Vp2
Ví dụ	The teacher is correcting her essay.	Her essay is being corrected by the teacher.
4. Past continuous tense (quá khứ tiếp diễn)	S + was/were + V-ing	S + was/were + being + Vp2
Ví dụ	She was fixing her bicycle at 8.30 last Thursday.	Her bicycle was being fixed at 8.30 last Thursday.
5. Present perfect tense (hiện tại hoàn thành)	S + have/has + Vp2	S + have/has + been + Vp2
Ví dụ	My parents have moved nothing in the room since 1999.	Nothing in the room has been moved by my parents since 1999.
6. Past perfect tense (quá khứ hoàn thành)	S + had + Vp2	S+ had + been + Vp2
Ví dụ	People had taken the victim to the hospital.	The victim had been taken to the hospital.
7. Simple future tense (tương lai đơn)	S + will + V(bare)	S + will + be + Vp2
Ví dụ	They will shut down the shop next month.	The shop will be shut down next month.
8. Near future tense (tương lai gần)	S + am/is/are + going to + V(bare)	S + am/is/are + going to + be + Vp2
Ví dụ	He is going to buy a new camera next month.	A new camera is going to be bought next month.
9. Future perfect tense(tương lai hoàn thành)	S + will have + Vp2	S + will have + been + Vp2
Ví dụ	By the time you come back, this team will have finished the project.	By the time you come back, the project will have been finished by this team.
10. Modal verbs (động từ khuyết thiếu)	S + modal verbs + V(bare)	S + modal verbs + be + Vp2
Ví dụ	The government cannot relax social distancing rules until May 1st.	Social distancing rules cannot be relaxed by the government until May 1st.

2.3. Một số lưu ý
a. Bị động của câu hỏi:
Để chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động của câu hỏi, ta làm theo các bước sau:
- Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.
Eg:

Did you buy the shirt two days ago? 

→ You bought the shirt two days ago.
- Bước 2: Chuyển câu khẳng định trên sang câu bị động.

Eg:
You bought the shirt two days ago.  
→ The shirt was bought two days ago.
- Bước 3: Chuyển câu bị động trên về dạng nghi vấn bằng cách chuyển trợ động từ ngay sau chủ ngữ lên trước chủ ngữ.
Eg:

The shirt was bought two days ago.  

→ Was the shirt bought two days ago?

b. Bị động với những động từ có hai tân ngữ

Một số động từ được theo sau nó bởi hai tân ngữ như: give (đưa), lend (cho mượn), send (gửi), show (chỉ), buy (mua), make (làm), get (cho),... thì ta sẽ có hai câu bị động.
Eg:
My mother gave me a bike on my last birthday.

                O1   O2

→ I was given a bike by my mother on my last birthday. → A bike was given to me by my mother on my last birthday.
* Lưu ý: Khi dùng câu bị động loại này, ta phải thêm giới từ "to" hoặc "for" trước tân ngữ chỉ người. Trong đó:
- Dùng "to" khi các động từ là: give, lend, send, show,...
Eg:
The boss sent his secretary an email last night. → An email was sent to his secretary by the boss last night.
- Dùng "for" khi các động từ là: buy, make, get,…

Eg:

He bought her a rose.

→ A rose was bought for her.

3. Cấu trúc câu bị động đặc biệt

3.1. Bị động với các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến:

- Một số động từ chỉ quan điểm ý kiến thông dụng là: think/ say/ suppose/ believe/ consider/ report... (nghĩ rằng/nói rằng/cho rằng/tin rằng/xem xét rằng/thông báo rằng...)

- Cấu trúc:

Eg: 

- People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

→ It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.

→ 13 is believed to be an unlucky number.

- They thought that the man had stolen the car.
→ It was thought that the man had stolen the car.
→ The man was thought to have stolen the car.

3.2. Bị động với động từ chỉ giác quan:

a. Dạng 1

Eg: 

- People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
→ It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
→ 13 is believed to be an unlucky number.
- They thought that the man had stolen the car.

→ It was thought that the man had stolen the car.

→ The man was thought to have stolen the car.

2. Bị động với động từ chỉ giác quan: 

a. Dạng 1

Eg: I saw him pass my house. 

→ He was seen to pass my house

b. Dạng 2

Eg: aw him passing my house.

→ He was seen passing  my house

3.3. Bị động của MAKE và LET:

a. Bị động của MAKE

Eg: The teacher made us do all the homework.

→ We were made to do all the homework by the teacher.

b. Bị động của LET

Eg: My parents don't let us go out at night.

→ We are not allowed/permitted to go out at night.

3.4. Bị động của động từ TO V:

a. S + V + TO + V + O

Eg: They began to plant rubber trees long ago.

→ Rubber trees began to be planted long ago.

b. S + V + O1 + TO + V + O2

* Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau:

Eg: He expected his family to pick him up at the airport.

→ He expected to be picked up at the airport by his family.

* Nếu S khác O2 thì ta có công thức sau:

Eg: He expected someone to repair his computer.

→ He expected his computer to be repaired.

3.5. Bị động của V -ing:

a. Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau:

Eg: He likes people speaking well of him.

 → He likes being spoken well of.

b. Nếu S khác O2 thì ta có công thức sau:

Eg: He hates non-professional people criticizing his work.

→ He hates his work being criticized by non-professional people.

3.6. Thể nhờ bảo:

Khi diễn tả một hành động mà chúng ta không tự làm lấy, mà để người khác làm, chúng ta dùng cấu trúc:

Eg:

- The painter finished my father's portrait yesterday.

→ My father had the painter finish his portrait yesterday.

→ My father had his portrait finished by the painter yesterday.

- She is having her sister clean the door.

→ She is getting the door cleaned by her sister.

→ She is getting his sister to clean the door.

3.7. Câu mệnh lệnh:

Eg:
- Turn off the lights before you go to bed.
→ The lights must/should be turned off before you go to bed
- Write your name on the top of this paper.
→ Let your name be written on the top of this paper.

8. Bị động của một số cấu trúc

a. Bị động với cấu trúc câu "It's one's duty to V" (bổn phận là)

Eg: It's everyone's duty to keep the environment clean.

→ Everyone is supposed to keep the environment clean.

b. Bị động với cấu trúc câu 'It's (im)possible to V' (không/có thể làm gì)

Eg:

- It is possible to type the letter now.

→ The letter can be typed now.
- It was impossible to start the machine by electricity then.
→ The machine couldn't be started by electricity then.

c. Bị động với 7 động từ đặc biệt

Các động từ: suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend

Eg: He suggested that we organize a warm party.

→ It was suggested that a warm party should be organized
d. Bị động của động từ NEED

Eg: She needs to type the report → The report needs typing/to be typed.

4. Bài tập Câu bị động lớp 10

I. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the passive voice

1. The words (to explain - Present simple) ________ by the teacher.

2. My car (to steal - Past simple) _______ while I was gardening.

3. A new restaurant (to open - Future simple) _______ next week

4. Our street (to close - Present continuous) ________ because of snow.

5. A new house (to build - be going to) ________ by my parents next month.

Đáp án:

1. The words (to explain - Present simple) ____are explained____ by the teacher.

2. My car (to steal - Past simple) ____was stolen___ while I was gardening.

3. A new restaurant (to open - Future simple) ___will be opened____ next week

4. Our street (to close - Present continuous) ____is being closed____ because of snow.

5. A new house (to build - be going to) ____is going to be built ____ by my parents next month.

II. Change the following sentences into Passive Voice

1. People think that all dogs evolved from wolves.

All dogs__________________________________________________

2. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.

______________________________________________________________

3. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.

____________________________________________________________

4. They didn’t look after the children properly.

___________________________________________________________

5. Nobody’s ever treated me with such kindness.

_____________________________________________________________

6. She will get a veterinary surgeon to examine her dog.

She will get _____________________________________________________

7. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.

We had ________________________________________________________

8. People think that many people were killed in the accident .

Many people ___________________________________________________

9. How many languages do they speak in Canada?

_____________________________________________________________

10. Someone had invented electric lights before I was born.

_____________________________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. People think that all dogs evolved from wolves.

All dogs_______are thought to have evolved from wolves.________

2. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.

_______Tom wasn't allowed to take these books home.____________

3. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.

______Exercises won't be corrected tomorrow. _____________

4. They didn’t look after the children properly.

_____The children weren't looked after properly.____________

5. Nobody’s ever treated me with such kindness.

_______I have never been treated with such kindness. ____________

6. She will get a veterinary surgeon to examine her dog.

She will get ________her dog examined (by a veterinary surgeon._______

7. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.

We had _____this photograph taken by a man when we were on holiday last summer._______

8. People think that many people were killed in the accident .

Many people _________are though to have been killed in the accident._____________

9. How many languages do they speak in Canada?

_____How many languages are spoken in Canada?_________

10. Someone had invented electric lights before I was born.

_______Electric lights had been invented before I was born_______

III. Change the sentences below into passive voice:

1/ The cat ate a fish.

2/ Children look after their old grandparents.

3/ I saw a nice girl at the party last night.

4/ Do you like toys?

5/ We drink milk every morning.

6/ She’s cleaning the floor now.

7/ She will solve the problem soon.

8/ We’re doing our homework at the moment.

9/ Were you learning your lesson at 7 pm last night?

10/ They’ve just finished their work.

Đáp án:

1/ A fish was eaten by the cat.

2/ Children’s old grandparents are looked after by the children/ them.

3/ A nice girl was seen at the party last night by me.

4/ Are toys liked by you?

5/ Milk is drunk every morning by us.

6/ The floor is being cleaned now.

7/ The problem will be solved by her soon.

8/ Our homework is being done by us at the moment.

9/ Was your lesson being learned by you at 7 pm last night?

10/ Their work has just been finished.

IV. Change the sentences below into active voice:

1/ The tree is being planted in the garden by her father now.

2/ A small house has just been built here by the builders.

3/ The book was written by that famous author.

4/ You will be helped by your teacher.

5/ A rat is being chased by my cat.

6/ We are taught English by Mr. Nguyen.

7/ The lesson is now being explained by Ms. Hoa.

8/ A big hole was dug in the yard by her brother.

9/ Milk will be made by the waitress.

10/ A small package was sent to me last week.

Đáp án:

1/ Her father is planting the tree in the garden now.

2/ The builders have just built a small house here.

3/ That famous author wrote the book.

4/ Your teacher will help you.

5/ My cat is chasing a rat.

6/ Mr. Nguyen teach us English.

7/ Ms. Hoa is explaining the lesson now.

8/ Her brother dug a big hole in the yard.

9/ The waitress will make milk.

10/ Someone sent a small package to me last week./ Someone sent me a small package last week.

V. Change the sentences to passive voice.

1. One of the cleaners has found my purse.

2. The robber hit him on the head with a hammer.

3. The government has built a new road in this area.

4. The assistant handed me a note.

5. We elected John class representative.

6. Someone has taken my wallet.

7. Many people use bicycles as a means of transport.

8. They advised me to get a visa.

9. They were rebuilding the old road when I drove by.

10. The local council opened a new shopping centre.

Đáp án:

1. My purse has been found by one of the cleaners.

2. He was hit on the head with a hammer (by the robber).

3. A new road has been built in this area (by the government).

4. I was handed a note (by the assistant).

5. John was elected class representative.

6. My wallet has been taken.

7. Bicycles are (often, widely) used as a means of transport.

8. I was advised to get a visa.

9. The old road was being rebuilt when I drove by.

10. A new shopping centre was opened by the local council.

VI. Rewrite the sentence into passive voice.

1. They moved the fridge into the living room.

2. My son finds the new project worthless.

3. He started this work last month.

4. They finished the kitchen’s building on Saturday.

5. We pointed a new marketing manager.

6. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday .

7. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

8. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.

9. People speak English all over the world.

10. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877.

Đáp án:

1. The fridge was moved into the living room.

2. The new project is found worthless by my son.

3. This work was started last month.

4. The kitchen’s building was finished on Saturday.

5. A new marketing manager was pointed.

6. A lot of money is spent on advertising everyday .

7. Her ticket was showed to the airline agent.

8. The broken cup is hidden in the drawer.

9. English is spoken all over the world.

10. The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison in 1877.

VII. Rewrite the sentence using modal verbs in passive. 

1. Ann can't use her office at the moment.

Her office ____________________________

2. I have to finish my work now.

My work ____________________________

3. You must do your task.

Your task______________________________

4. Governments should offer poor women more help.

Poor women ________________________________

5. We must do something before it's too late.

Something ___________________________________________

6. My uncle may earn 500$ a day.

500$ _____________________________

7. He might have caught the fish.

The fish _________________________________

8. They will sue the company for wage discrimination.

The company ___________________________

9. She could have washed the dress.

The dress _________________________________

10. She can't pick many flowers.

Many flowers ____________________________________

Đáp án:

1. Ann can't use her office at the moment.

Her office __________can’t be used by Ann at the moment._______

2. I have to finish my work now.

My work _______has to be finished now.________

3. You must do your task.

Your task______ must be done.___________

4. Governments should offer poor women more help.

Poor women ___________should be offered more help by governments.__________

5. We must do something before it's too late.

Something __________must be done before it’s too late._______

6. My uncle may earn 500$ a day.

500$ _________a day may be earned by my uncle._______

7. He might have caught the fish.

The fish ___________might have been caught by him.__________

8. They will sue the company for wage discrimination.

The company _______will be sued for wage discrimination.________

9. She could have washed the dress.

The dress ___________could have been washed by her.___________

10. She can't pick many flowers.

Many flowers ____________can’t be picked by her._____________

VIII. Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words.

1. People eat 40 million hamburgers every day.

40 million hamburgers ______________________

2. People speak English all over the world

English_______________________

3. Where did they invent gun powder?

Where ________________________

4. The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend.

The missing girl ________________________

5. Tourists don’t visit this museum very often.

This museum ________________________

Đáp án:

1. People eat 40 million hamburgers every day.

40 million hamburgers ____________are eaten every day.____________

2. People speak English all over the world

English____________ is spoken all over the world.____________

3. Where did they invent gun powder?

Where ____________was gun powder invented?____________

4. The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend.

The missing girl ____________wasn’t found last weekend.____________

5. Tourists don’t visit this museum very often.

This museum ____________isn’t visited very often.____________