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50 Bài tập Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (Adverbial clause of time)

I. Lý thuyết mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như: when, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as, ...s

sề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:

- Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)

Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ

Ex: I will wait here until she comes back.

2. TLĐ + after + HTHT

Ex: He will go home after he has finished his work.

3. While / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ

Ex: While I was going to school, I met my friend.

4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD

Ex: It started to rain while the boys were playing football.

5. QKTD + while + QKTD

Ex: Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.

6. HTHT + since + QKĐ

Ex: I have worked here since I graduated.

7. TLHT + by / by the time + HTĐ

Ex: He will have left by the time you arrive.

8. QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ

Ex: He had left by the time I came.

9. After + QKHT, QKĐ

Ex: After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.

- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

+ Unrated

Các mệnh đề đi sau Until, After, Before, When là những mệnh đề phụ. Chúng phải được đi kèm với mệnh đề chính thì câu mới rõ cấu trúc cú pháp.

- Có thể đảo trật tự của từng mệnh đề trong câu với điều kiện là nếu mệnh đề when, after, before, until đi trước thì phải có dấu phẩy trước mệnh đề chính.

VD: I'll stop explaining to you about this until you can master

= Until you can master, i'll stop explaining this to you.

(Tôi sẽ thôi... khi bạn nắm được vấn đề)

- Các mệnh đề này, không phải là không được chia với thì tương lai nhưng rất hiếm.

- Các liên từ trên (trừ Until) mình để đầu hàng để bạn dễ thấy hơn

+ Until: Cho đến khi

1. Simple past + until + simple past: Khi hành động của mệnh đề chính đi trước kéo dài cho đến hành động của mệnh đề đi sau

- I waited here until it was dark (Tôi đã ở lại đây đến khi trời tối)

2. Simple past + past perfect: Nhấn mạnh hành động ở mệnh đề Until với nghĩa là đã hoàn thành trước hành động kia

- He read the book until no-one had been there (Anh ta đọc sách tới khi chẳng còn ai ở đó nữa cả)

Có nghĩa là khi mọi người trong thư viện đã về từ lâu rồi thì anh ta vẫn say mê đọc sách.

3. Simple future + Until + Present simple/ Present perfect: Dùng với nghĩa là sẽ làm gì cho đến khi hoàn thành việc gì đó

- I won't go to bed until i have finished my homework. (Tôi sẽ đi ngủ khi làm xong bài tập)

= I will go to bed until i finish my homework.

- We'll stayed here until the rain stops.

+ After: Sau khi

1. After + past perfect, + simple past = Past perfect + before + past perfect: Sau khi đã kết thúc việc gì mới làm việc gì (QK)

- After i had finished the test, i went home (Khi kiểm tra xong tôi mới về nhà)

= I had finished the test before i went home

2. After + simple past, + simple present: Sự việc trong quá khứ và kết quả hiện tại

- After everything happened, we are still good friends (Sau những chuyện xảy ra, chúng tôi vẫn là những người bạn tốt)

3. After simple past, + simple past: Sự việc trong quá khứ và kết quả trong quá khứ

- After everything happened, we quarelled over dishonesty.

(Sau mọi chuyện [ không tốt ], chúng tôi đã cãi vã nhau về tính không trung thực)

4, After + simple present / present perfect, + simple future: Sau khi làm việc gì sẽ làm tiếp việc khác (HT / TL)

- After i come to the station, i'll call you (Sau khi đến ga anh sẽ gọi cho em)

+ Before: Trước khi.

Cách chia thì của nó thì ngược lại với after.

1. Before + simple past, + past perfect: Tương tự như phần 1 của mục II.

2. Before + simple present, + simple future / simple present: Trước khi làm gì thì sẽ làm một cái gì đó

- Before i leave, i'll give you a gift (Trước khi đi, anh sẽ tặng em một món quà)

- Before i leave, i want to make sure that no-one can know about this

(Trước khi đi tôi muốn biết chắc chắn rằng không có ai biết được chuyện này)

+ When: Khi

1. When + present simple, + simple future / simple present: Khi làm thế nào thì (sẽ)... (ở HT / TL)

When you see it yourself, you'll surely believe it.

(Khi em thấy tận mắt, em sẽ tin nó thôi)

2. When + simple past, + past perfect: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn tất trước hành động ở mệnh đề when.

When i just got out of the classroom, i knew that i had made some mistakes.

(Khi mới bước ra khỏi phòng, tôi nhận ra là mình đã mắc một số lỗi)

3. When + simple past, + simple past: Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra gần nhau, hoặc là một hành động vừa dứt thì hành động khác xảy ra.

- When the rock concert given by Erick Clapton ended, we went home

(Khi buổi nhạc rock của Ẻick Clapton kết thúc, chúng tôi ra về)

4. When + past continuous (clear point of time - thời gian cụ thể), + simple past: Khi một hành động đang diễn ra thì một hành động khác xảy đến

When we were playing football at 5.30p.m yesterday, there was a terrible explosion

(Vào lúc 5h30 chiều qua, khi đang chơi bóng thì bọn tôi chợi nghe thấy một tiếng nổ lớn)

5. When + simple past, + past continuous: Tương tự như phần 4, nhưng nghĩ chỉ khác một chút

When we came, he was taking a bath

(Khi bọn tôi đến thì cậu ta đang tắm)

6. When + past perfect, + simple past: Hành động ở mệnh đề when xảy ra trước (kết quả ở QK)

When the opportunity had passed, i only knew that there was nothing could be done

(Khi cơ hội không còn tôi mới biết mình đã chẳng còn làm gì được nữa rồi)

7. When simple past, + simple present: Tương tự như mục 6 nhưng hành động sau ở hiện tại

When the opportunity passed, i know there's nothing can be done.

(Khi cơ hội tuột mất, tôi biết là chẳng còn làm gì được nữa)

 

II. Bài tập Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

Ex 1.

1. I will call you before I ________ over.

A. come

B. will come

C. will be coming

D. came

2. After she graduates, she ________ a job.

A. got

B. will get

C. had got

D. get

3. When I _________ him tomorrow, I will ask him.

A. saw

B. have seen

C. will see

D. see

4. As soon as it _________ raining, we will leave.

A. stops

B. stop

C. had stopped

D. stopped

5. By the time he comes, we will have already __________.

A. leave

B. leaving

C. left

D. leaves

6. Whenever I ________ her, I say hello.

A. see

B. will see

C. will have seen

D. saw

7. The next time I go to New York, I am going ________ a ballet.

A. seeing

B. see

C. saw

D. to see

8. I will never speak to him again so long as I _______.

A. lives

B. will live

C. am living

D. live

9. By the time Bill ____ to bed tomorrow, he will have had a full day and will be ready for sleep.

A. had gone

B. will go

C. goes

D. went

10. As soon as I finish my report, I will call you and we ________ out for dinner.

A. went

B. will go

C. will have gone

D. go

11. By the time I return to my country, I _________ away from home for more than three years.

A. would be

B. will have been

C. will be

D. am

12. After he _______ breakfast tomorrow, he will get ready to go to work.

A. will have had

B. has

C. will be having

D. have

13. As soon as he finishes dinner, he _______ the children for a work to a nearby playground.

A. will take

B. takes

C. will be taking

D. took

14. When Bill gets home, his children ___________ in the yard.

A. played

B. will play

C. will be playing

D. play

15. He will work at his desk until he ______ to another meeting in the middle of the afternoon.

A. went

B. go

C. will go

D. goes

16. She ________ lunch by the time we arrived.

A. finished

B. has finished

C. had finished

D. finishing

17. Bob will come soon. When Bob _______, we will see him.

A. come

B. will come

C. will be coming

D. comes

18. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I ________ dinner.

A. will have

B. will be having

C. had

D. have

19. As soon as the taxi _________, we will be able to leave for the airport.

A. arrives

B. arrive

C. will arrive

D. arrived

20. I will go to bed after I _________my work.

A. finish

B. finished

C. will finish

D. finishes

21. I ________ here when you arrive tomorrow.

A. am

B. had been

C. could be

D. will be

22. I am going to wait right here until Jessica ________.

A. comes

B. will have come

C. is coming

D. came

23. As soon as the war ________over, there will be great joy throughout the land.

A. are

B. will be

C. is

D. would be

24. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide comes in, the ship ______ the harbor.

A. left

B. will leave

C. will have left

D. leave

25. I am going to start making dinner before my wife ______ home from work today.

A. get

B. gets

C. will get

D. got

Đáp án:

1. A	2. B	3. D	4. A	5. C
6. A	7. D	8. D	9. C	10. C
11. B	12. B	13. A	14. B	15. D
16. C	17. D	18. A	19. A	20. A
21. D	22. A	23. C	24. B	25. B

Ex 2. Identify the underlined part that needs correction:

1. When it raining, I usually goto school by bus.

2. I learned a lot of Japanesewhile I am in Tokyo.

3. I have not beenwellsince I return home.

4. I’ll stay hereuntil will you get back.

5. When Sam was in New York, hestayswith his cousins.

6. Last night, I had goneto bed afterI had finished my homework.

7. I will callyoubefore I will come over.

8. Ever sinceI wasa child, I had been afraid of dogs.

9. By the time I leftmy apartment this morning, someonelooked for me.

10. Whenever Mark will beangry, his nose gets red.

11. I had friedchicken whenI am at the restaurant.

12. The first timethat I went to New York, I goto an opera.

13. Before I arrived, hewas talking on the phone.

14. When she will see him tomorrow, shewill ask him.

15. As I was walkinghome, it begin to rain.

16. We stayed there afterwe finished our work.

17. Once it will stopraining, we will leave.

18. I will never speakto himagain as long as I will live.

19. As soon as the other passengers getson the bus, we’ll leave.

20. As soon as I will finish my report, I’ll call you and we’ll go out to dinner.

21. Mark was listening tomusic afterhis sister was reading a book.

22. Sam hadn’t received the parcel when I speakto him.

23. I have been hoping to meetyou beforeI read your first novel.

24. By the timeyou finishesgetting ready, we will have missed the train.

25. When you will arrive, there will besomeone to meet.

Đáp án

1. B. raining => rains

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.

2. D. am => was

I learned a lot of Japanese while I was in Tokyo.

3. C. return => returned

I have not been well since I returned home.

4. D. will you => you

I’ll stay here until you get back.

5. C. stays => stayed

When Sam was in New York, he stayed with his cousins.

6. B. had gone => went

Last night, I went to bed after I had finished my homework.

7. D. will come => come

I will call you before I will come over.

8. C. had been => have been

Ever since I was a child, I have been afraid of dogs.

9. D. looked for => had looked for

By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone had looked for me.

10. A. will be => is

Whenever Mark is angry, his nose gets red.

11. C. am => was

I had fried chicken when I was at the restaurant.

12. C. go => went

The first time that I went to New York, I went to an opera.

13. C. was talking => had talked

Before I arrived, he had talked on the phone.

14. A. will see => sees

When she sees him tomorrow, she will ask him.

15. C. begin => began

As I was walking home, it began to rain.

16. C. finished => had finished

We stayed there after we had finished our work.

17. B. will stop => stops

Once it stops raining, we will leave.

18. D. will live => live

I will never speak to him again as long as I live.

19. B. gets on => get on

As soon as the other passengers get on the bus, we’ll leave.

20. B. will finish => finish

As soon as I finish my report, I’ll call you and we’ll go out to dinner.

21. B. after => while

Mark was listening to music while his sister was reading a book.

22. C. speak => spoke

23. C. before

24. B. finishes => finish

By the time you finish getting ready, we will have missed the train.

25. B. will arrive => arrive

When you arrive, there will be some one to meet.

Ex 3. Chọn đáp án phù hợp để điền vào ô trống:

1. Once you reach the venue, our team _________ meticulously prepared the event details.

a. will have

b. will

c. had

d. have

2. By the time he __________ the borrowed tools, the neighbor had already replaced them with new ones.

a. returns

b. had returned

c. returned

d. will return

3. The professor dedicatedly reviewed each one and provided detailed feedback __________ the students had submitted their essays.

a. when

b. by the time

c. as

d. after

4. As soon as they have completed the construction, the new office building __________ open for occupancy.

a. will be

b. is

c. has been

d. was

5. After the concert __________, the audience applauded enthusiastically for the amazing performance.

a. ends

b. ended

c. is ending

d. has ended

6. While the team was practicing, the coach __________ their performance from the sidelines.

a. had been analyzing

b. was analyzing

c. were analyzing

d. analyzed

7. The new employee will officially join the company __________ he has signed the contract.

a. by

b. when

c. since

d. as soon as

8. By the time she opened the book, someone __________ important passages.

a. had already underlined

b. had already underlined

c. already underlined

d. is already underlying

9. My neighbor __________ the dinner while she was talking on the phone with her friend.

a. burnt

b. had burnt

c. burns

d. is burning

10. They discussed their favorite scenes late into the night __________ they watched the movie.

a. before

b. while

c. after

d. as soon as

11. Before I have a chance to explain, he __________ already formed his own opinion about the situation.

a. is

b. had

c. will

d. has

12. The product will be launched __________ the production team has completed the final quality checks.

a. until

b. when

c. as soon as

d. before

13. While the mechanic was repairing the car, the owner __________ nervously in the garage.

a. had waited

b. will have waited

c. is waiting

d. was waiting

14. __________ I reached the station, the train had already departed.

a. Until

b. By the time

c. While

d. After

15. He immediately called his family to share the exciting update after he __________ the news.

a. receives

b. has received

c. received

d. was receiving

Đáp án

1. will have

2. returned

3. after

4. will be

5. ended

6. was analyzing

7. as soon as

8. had already underlined

9. burnt

10. after

11. has

12. as soon as

13. was waiting

14. By the time

15. received

Ex 4. Join the following sentences using “when”

1. Janet was sick. We took her to the clinic.

_____________________________________________

2. You must drive carefully. The roads are wet.

_____________________________________________

3. The pupils went to their classrooms. The school bell rang.

_____________________________________________

4. She visits the dentist. She has a toothache.

_____________________________________________

5. The man hurt himself. He fell off the ladder.

_____________________________________________

6. My hair is long. I visit the barber.

_____________________________________________

7. Jason spotted a snake. He grabbed a stick

_____________________________________________

8. I shall write a letter to her. I have the time.

_____________________________________________

Đáp án

1. When Janet was sick, we took her to the clinic.

2. You must drive carefully when the roads are wet.

3. The pupils went to their classroom when the school bell rang.

4. She visits the dentist when she has a toothache.

5. The man hurt himself when he fell off the ladder.

6. When my hair is long, I visit the barber.

7. When Jason spotted a smake, he grabbed a stick.

8. I shall write a letter to her, when I have the time.