Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42
The authors noted that while other forms of pollution are decreasing, noise pollution has been increasing. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that there has been an increase in the number of people who have been complaining about excessive noise in the WHO region. Populations that are exposed to high noise levels can be afflicted by other symptoms such as: stress reactions, sleep-stage changes, and clinical symptoms like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. All these impacts can contribute to premature mortality. It is important to note that these adverse health problems impact all age groups including children and adolescents. In fact, it has been reported that children who live and or study in an area afflicted with noise pollution tend to suffer from stress, impairments in memory and attention as well as difficulty reading.
“In Western Europe, the guidelines say, traffic noise results in an annual loss of at least one million healthy years”. Traffic noise is currently ranked second among environmental threats to public health.
The danger of noise pollution is more present to us when we are asleep. Because the human ear is so sensitive, it never rests, it is always working, picking up and transmitting sounds for our brains to interpret. This always on working process is where the danger lies, though you may be sleeping, sounds are still being picked up and processed. The most common side effects of this phenomenon are sleep disturbance and tiredness, impaired memory, judgment, and psychomotor skills. The other more serious outcomes of this can be the triggering of the body’s acute stress response, which raises blood pressure and heart rate as the body and brain go into a state of hyperarousal. According to the European Environment Agency, at least 10,000 cases of premature deaths from noise exposure occur each year, although incomplete data mean this number is significantly underestimated.
(Adapted from https://www.encida.dk/)
Which of the following is infered according to the article?
A. Many forms of pollution, except for noise pollution, are decreasing.
B. Adverse health problems impact children and adolescents only.
C. The danger of noise pollution is less serious when we are asleep.
D. At least 100,000 cases of premature deaths from noise exposure occur each year.
Đáp án A
Dịch nghĩa câu hỏi:Điều nào sau đây là được suy ra theo bài báo?
A. Nhiều dạng ô nhiễm, ngoại trừ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn, đang giảm.
B. Các vấn đề sức khỏe bất lợi chỉ ảnh hưởng đến trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên.
C. Nguy cơ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn ít nghiêm trọng hơn khi chúng ta ngủ.
D. Ít nhất 100.000 trường hợp tử vong sớm do tiếp xúc với tiếng ồn xảy ra mỗi năm.
Giải thích: Thông tin có ở câu: “The authors noted that while other forms of pollution are decreasing, noise pollution has been increasing.”
Dịch bài:
Các tác giả lưu ý rằng trong khi các dạng ô nhiễm khác đang giảm thì ô nhiễm tiếng ồn lại đang gia tăng. Kết luận này được củng cố bởi thực tế là ngày càng có nhiều người phàn nàn về tiếng ồn quá mức trong khu vực của WHO. Những người dân tiếp xúc với mức độ tiếng ồn cao có thể mắc các triệu chứng khác như: phản ứng căng thẳng, thay đổi giai đoạn giấc ngủ và các triệu chứng lâm sàng như tăng huyết áp và các bệnh tim mạch. Tất cả những tác động này có thể góp phần vào tử vong sớm. Điều quan trọng cần lưu ý là những vấn đề sức khỏe bất lợi này ảnh hưởng đến tất cả các nhóm tuổi, bao gồm cả trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên. Thực tế, trẻ em sống hoặc học tập ở khu vực bị ô nhiễm tiếng ồn thường bị căng thẳng, suy giảm trí nhớ và chú ý, đồng thời gặp khó khăn trong việc đọc.
"Ở Tây Âu, theo các hướng dẫn, tiếng ồn giao thông hàng năm làm mất đi ít nhất một triệu năm khỏe mạnh". Tiếng ồn giao thông hiện được xếp hạng thứ hai trong số các mối đe dọa môi trường đối với sức khỏe cộng đồng.
Mối nguy hiểm của ô nhiễm tiếng ồn hiện hữu hơn đối với chúng ta khi ngủ. Vì tai người rất nhạy cảm, nó không bao giờ nghỉ ngơi, nó luôn hoạt động, tiếp nhận và truyền tín hiệu âm thanh để não bộ chúng ta diễn giải. Quá trình hoạt động liên tục này chính là nơi ẩn chứa nguy hiểm, mặc dù bạn có thể đang ngủ nhưng âm thanh vẫn được tiếp nhận và xử lý. Các tác dụng phụ phổ biến nhất của hiện tượng này là rối loạn giấc ngủ và mệt mỏi, suy giảm trí nhớ, khả năng phán đoán và kỹ năng vận động tâm lý. Hệ quả nghiêm trọng hơn của việc này có thể là kích hoạt phản ứng căng thẳng cấp tính của cơ thể, làm tăng huyết áp và nhịp tim khi cơ thể và não rơi vào trạng thái hưng phấn quá mức. Theo Cơ quan Môi trường Châu Âu, mỗi năm có ít nhất 10.000 trường hợp tử vong sớm do tiếp xúc với tiếng ồn, mặc dù dữ liệu không đầy đủ có nghĩa là con số này bị đánh giá thấp đáng kể.
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42
The authors noted that while other forms of pollution are decreasing, noise pollution has been increasing. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that there has been an increase in the number of people who have been complaining about excessive noise in the WHO region. Populations that are exposed to high noise levels can be afflicted by other symptoms such as: stress reactions, sleep-stage changes, and clinical symptoms like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. All these impacts can contribute to premature mortality. It is important to note that these adverse health problems impact all age groups including children and adolescents. In fact, it has been reported that children who live and or study in an area afflicted with noise pollution tend to suffer from stress, impairments in memory and attention as well as difficulty reading.
“In Western Europe, the guidelines say, traffic noise results in an annual loss of at least one million healthy years”. Traffic noise is currently ranked second among environmental threats to public health.
The danger of noise pollution is more present to us when we are asleep. Because the human ear is so sensitive, it never rests, it is always working, picking up and transmitting sounds for our brains to interpret. This always on working process is where the danger lies, though you may be sleeping, sounds are still being picked up and processed. The most common side effects of this phenomenon are sleep disturbance and tiredness, impaired memory, judgment, and psychomotor skills. The other more serious outcomes of this can be the triggering of the body’s acute stress response, which raises blood pressure and heart rate as the body and brain go into a state of hyperarousal. According to the European Environment Agency, at least 10,000 cases of premature deaths from noise exposure occur each year, although incomplete data mean this number is significantly underestimated.
(Adapted from https://www.encida.dk/)
The word “This” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.